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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2012 May;74(4):410–417. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182545470

Table 1.

A Comparison of self-report-based Ambulatory Monitoring Methods and the EAR Method

Self-Report-Based Ambulatory Monitoring EAR-Method
Approach Naturalistic Naturalistic
Medium Paper & Pencil, Electronic (handheld computer or mobile phone) Electronic (handheld computer or mobile phone)
Mode Active (data provided through voluntary response) Passive (data collected through automatic recording)
Method Self-report Behavioral Observation
Perspective Self (Agent) Other (Observer)
Awareness of Assessment High Low after Habituation
Burden for Participant Practical (Interruption of Daily Life) Psychological (Intrusion of Privacy)
Burden for Researcher Preparing Participants (Instruction and Training) Preparing the Sound Data (Coding and Transcribing)
Data Collection Limited By Response Burden Privacy Considerations, Lab Capacity for Data Coding
Optimized for Assessment of Subjective Experiences and Perceptions Objective Social Environments and Interactions

Note: Adapted from Mehl and Conner (2012). Copyright 2012 by Guilford Press. Adapted by permission.