Table 1.
Point prevalence of ketosis-prone Type 2 diabetes mellitus in different studies.
| Study (year) | Study Type |
Population type | n | Age (years) |
BMI | Ethnicity | Point prevalence (%) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oli (1978) | PCS | Nonobese, newly diagnosed with DM and requiring insulin initially | 43 | - | - | Nigerian | 27.9 | [27] |
| Westphal (1996) | RCR | Patients with new-onset DKA | 228 | 32.2 ± 1.3 | 28.6 ± 1.2 | Caucasian (30%) Hispanic (36%) Native American (21%) AA (13%) | 24 | [32] |
| Pinhas-Hamiel et al. (1997) | RCR | ICA negative NIDDM Adolescents | 70 | 14.0 ± 0.7 | 40.7 ± 1.2 | AA | 17 | [29] |
| Umpierrez et al. (1997) | PCS | AA presenting with DKA | 144 | 37 ± 1 | 32 ± 0.3 | AA | 29 | [31] |
| Wilson et al. (1997) | RCR | Apache Indians with NIDDM who had been treated for an episode of DKA | 714 | 40.8 ± 13.9 | 24.9 ± 4.4 | Native American | 2.3 | [57] |
| Nagasaka et al. (1998) | RCT | Hospitalized T2DM patients of <30 years | 6000 | 18–23 | 36.4 ± 6.8 | Japanese | 10.3 | [28] |
| Umpierrez et al. (1999) | RCT | AA presenting with hyperglycemic crisis | 131 | 40 ± 2 | 37 ± 1 | AA | 59 | [6] |
| Balasubramanyam et al. (1999) | CC | Patients hospitalized with DKA | 141 | 47.3 ± 13.7 | 30.5 ± 7.5 | AA (37%) Hispanic (26%) Caucasian (6%) | 39 | [33] |
| Tan et al. (2000) | RCR | Outpatient diabetes clinic | >3000 | 34.8 ± 10.6 | 28.6 ± 2.3 | Chinese | <0.3 | [17] |
| Newton and Ruskin (2004) | CC | Patients hospitalized with DKA | 138 | 35.0 ± 12.5 | 30.5 ± 7.5 | AA (47%) Hispanic (35%) Caucasian (17%) Native American (1%) | 22 | [58] |
| Jabbar et al. (2004) | RCR | Patients hospitalized with DKA | 57 | 48 ± 7 | 25.5 ± 6.2 | Pakistani | 63 | [26] |
| Mauvais-Jarvis et al. (2004) | CC | Patients admitted for uncontrolled DM | 233 | 39.1 ± 9.5 | 24.9 ± 4.8 | French nationals of sub-Saharan African descent | 50 | [8] |
| Manrique et al. (2007) | RCR | Patients hospitalized with DKA | 54 | 46 ± 14 | 26.7 ± 6.3 | Peruvians | 46 | [59] |
| Sobngwi et al. (2008) | CC | All hospitalized diabetics who did not have T1DM | 187 | 38 ± 11 | 27.7 ± 4.3 | French nationals of sub-Saharan African descent | 43 | [14] |
AA: African–American; CC: Case–control study; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ICA: Islet cell antibodies; NIDDM: Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; PCS: Prospective case series; RCR: Retrospective chart review; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.