Active Rac1 restores cell migration inhibited by HOXC8- or CDH11-knockdown. (A) Left panel: Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells were adenovirally transduced with empty vector or vector encoding Rac1T17N for 2 days and then assayed for cell migration by Transwell assay. Right panel: Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with NSC23766 at the indicated concentration for 1 day and then analyzed for cell migration. Data are mean ± SE. n = 4. *P < 0.005 versus empty vector or control. (B) Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells with HOXC8-knockdown were adenovirally transduced with vector encoding Myr-Rac1, Rac1V12G, Cdc42V12G, or RhoAQ63L for 2 days and then assayed for cell migration by Transwell assay. Data are mean ± SE. n = 4. *P < 0.001 versus scramble. **P < 0.005 versus scramble. #
P < 0.01 versus scramble. (C) Hs578T or MDA-MB-231 cells with CDH11-knockdown were adenovirally transduced with vector encoding Myr-Rac1, Rac1V12G, Cdc42V12G, or RhoAQ63L and then assayed for cell migration by Transwell assay. Data are mean ± SE. n = 4. *P < 0.001 versus scramble. **P < 0.005 versus scramble. #
P < 0.01 versus scramble. (D) Hs578T cells lentivirally expressing scramble sequence, HOXC8, or CDH11 shRNA were adenovirally transduced with either empty vector or vector encoding Rac1V12G for 2 days and then subjected immunostaining with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin. Polymerized actin was visualized under a fluorescence microscope. Cells expressing GFP are lentivirally transduced.