Table 1.
Summary of polymorphism for each gene and the results of demographic analyses
| Gene | Phylogeo-graphical unit | N | Number of haplotypes | Polymorphic sites | Indels | Haplotype diversity ± SD | Nucleotide diversity ± SD (x 100) | Tajima's D | Fu's Fs | P(SSDD/R) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyt b | Clade E | 140 | 12 | 33 | 0 | 0.228 ± 0.048 | 0.181 ± 0.058 | −1.940**/**/** | −1.455 | 0.217/0.383 |
| (1141bp) | Clade EA | 130 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0.105 ± 0.037 | 0.009 ± 0.003 | −2.065***/***/*** | −13.791***/***/*** | 0.286/0.312 |
| Clade EI | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | |
| Clade EC | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.700 ± 0.218 | 0.105 ± 0.043 | −1.048 | −0.186 | 0.882/0.896 | |
| Clade W | 70 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0.308 ± 0.070 | 0.029 ± 0.007 | −1.278*/−/− | −2.988*/−/* | 0.366/0.092 | |
| Total | 210 | 17 | 44 | 0 | 0.581 ± 0.029 | 0.687 ± 0.038 | 0.092 | 4.994 | 0.000/0.230 | |
| RpS7 | Clade E | 210 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0.019 ± 0.013 | 0.002 ± 0.002 | −1.279−/*/* | −5.178−/*/*** | 0.109/0.082 |
| (868bp) | Clade W | 172 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.666 ± 0.018 | 0.116 ± 0.007 | 0.266 | 0.891 | 0.053/0.005 |
| Total | 382 | 8 | 15 | 5 | 0.637 ± 0.020 | 0.883 ± 0.013 | 3.669+++/+/+++ | 18.222 ++/+++/+ | 0.113/0.274 | |
| Act | Clade E | 237 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.008 ± 0.008 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | −0.934 | −2.952−/−/** | 0.033/0.996 |
| (289bp) | Clade W | 193 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.010 ± 0.010 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | −0.956 | −2.776−/−/* | 0.050/0.991 |
| Total | 430 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0.501 ± 0.006 | 0.860 ± 0.009 | 3.240++/++/++ | 8.886 +/++/+ | 0.000/0.008 | |
| ATPase | Clade E | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| (100bp) | Clade W | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Total | 38 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.444 ± 0.058 | 0.444 ± 0.058 | 1.253 | 1.538 | 0.095/0.015 |
The size of DNA fragments is given below the gene names in base pairs. The superscripts indicate probability levels that values in the neutral population can be equal or lower than observed: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; equal or higher than observed: +P < 0.05; ++P < 0.01 and ‘−’ means nonsignificant result given by coalescent simulations based on number of segregating sites/the average number of nucleotide differences estimated by DNASP, version 4.50.3 (Rozas et al. 2003)/result given by ARLEQUIN version 3.11 (Excoffier et al. 2005), respectively. The value P(SSD) shows the probability of observing a less good fit between the model and observed distribution by chance under the demographic/spatial expansion scenario.