Table 2.
Generalized dissimilarity modeling results for significant models
| Species/region | Trait | % Explained* | Variables selected† |
|---|---|---|---|
| WBWC/West | AFLP | 98.5 / 98.4 / 50.8 / 19.4 | 18, 6, 8, 4, 7, 1, 16 |
| Tarsus length | 60.7 / 60.7 / 0.0 / 34.3 | 6, 1, 8 | |
| Wing length | 91.7 / 91.7 / 6.1 / 34.3 | 7, 13, 6, 14 | |
| Tail length | 82.4 / 81.5 / 6.1 / 24.6 | 7, 13, 9, 1, 3 | |
| Bill depth | 92.5 / 91.5 / 22.7 / 11.4 | 11, 12, 1, 5, 8, 9 | |
| Bill length | 63.9 / 63.9 / 0.0 / 0.0 | 5, 8, 14, 6, 4 | |
| WBWC/East | AFLP | 72.2 / 71.5 / 8.8 / 28.0 | 12, 17, 9, 6, 1, 16, 5, 11, 14 |
| Tarsus length | 70.5 / 50.5 / 10.9 / 13.8 | 14, 5, 6, 4, 9 | |
| Bill depth | 27.2 / 23.1 / 10.4 / 2.4 | 8, 1, 5, 16, 17, 9 | |
| MFP/Ecuador | Msat | 51.0 / 51.0 / 2.4 / 11.2 | 6, 17, 16, 9, 11, 18, 8 |
| Tarsus length | 43.2 / 42.9 / 8.7 / 20.0 | 3, 14, 8, 5, 1, 12 | |
| Bill length | 70.8 / 70.8 / 0.0 / 8.1 | 17, 5, 11, 9, 12, 13, 4 | |
| SNFC/Ecuador | Msat | 42.0 / 40.6 / 12.0 / 2.4 | 9, 16, 18, 1, 4, 17, 11 |
| Tarsus length | 73.8 / 73.8 / 0.0 / 45.8 | 13, 12, 14, 4 | |
| Tail length | 90.8 / 90.8 / 0.0 / 84.3 | 8, 12, 9, 5, 16, 18 | |
| Cb/West | Zygomatic arch | 33.1 / 33.1 / 0.1 / 25.7 | 13, 7, 5, 6, 15, 18, 9 |
| Forearm length | 68.9 / 68.9 / 0.1 / 9.6 | 8, 16, 9, 7, 1 | |
| Cb/East | Forearm length | 16.1 / 16.0 / 3.7 / 0.7 | 7, 16, 13, 12, 6, 4, 1, 9 |
| Cc/West | Zygomatic arch | 40.0 / 40.0 / 0.8 / 35.8 | 17, 15, 10, 8 |
| Cc/East | Zygomatic arch | 20.0 / 18.2 / 3.4 / 10.9 | 9, 5, 6, 4, 1, 7 |
| Forearm length | 60.2 / 60.2 / 15.8 / 3.6 | 7, 4, 8, 11, 9, 6 | |
| Skull size | 42.4 / 42.4 / 23.1 / 8.4 | 4, 8, 6, 5, 4, 17, 11, 12 | |
| Cp/West | Zygomatic arch | 78.5 / 78.5 / 1.3 / 39.5 | 18, 16, 14, 4, 17, 9, 8, 3, 10 |
| Forearm length | 33.7 / 32.3 / 21.4 / 1.1 | 5, 11, 15, 1, 9, 17 | |
| Skull size | 61.6 / 61.2 / 39.6 / 5.7 | 16, 1, 18, 14, 3, 12, 4, 7 | |
| Cp/East | AFLP | 34.6 / 34.6 / 0.0 / 11.1 | 17, 18, 5 |
| Zygomatic arch | 19.0 / 18.5 / 2.2 / 1.0 | 6, 1, 9, 4, 12, 11, 14, 5, 16 | |
| Forearm length | 12.8 / 12.8 / 0.0 / 0.2 | 5, 6, 7, 16 | |
| Skull size | 22.3 / 19.2 / 6.2 / 1.3 | 1, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 7, 9, 18 | |
| Pw-n | nDNA | 79.2 / 76.7 / 49.5 / 4.1 | 18, 15, 12, 1, 16, 11, 4 |
| Gape width | 54.1 / 53.8 / 0.05 / 11.5 | 11, 8, 17, 16, 13, 6, 1, 9, 7 | |
| Jaw length | 34.1 / 33.6 / 0.8 / 17.4 | 8, 15, 13, 5, 3, 1, 6, 17, 11, 12 | |
| Met-car | 34.9 / 34.6 / 0.0 / 1.9 | 9, 4, 17, 6, 11, 12, 1, 18 | |
| Phalanges | 55.9 / 55.9 / 0.0 / 4.5 | 9, 4, 7, 11, 12, 8, 3, 17 | |
| Radio-ulna | 36.9 / 36.9 / 0.8 / 18.6 | 8, 11, 6, 15, 1, 16, 3, 4, 10, 17 | |
| Femur length | 40.9 / 40.9 / 0.0 / 4.3 | 11, 9, 7, 5, 17, 8 |
WBWC, wedge-billed woodcreeper; MFP, masked flowerpiercer; SNFC, streak-necked flycatcher; Cb, Carollia brevicauda; Cc, Carollia castanea; Cp, Carollia perspicillata; Pw-n, Pristimantis w-nigrum; AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; SRTM, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.
Percentages of total variation explained are shown for models with the following predictor variables: distance and environment (full model)/only environment/only distance/random layers.
Variables are shown in decreasing order of importance. 1 geographic distance; 2 Andean barrier; 3 elevation (SRTM); 4 elevation std (SRTMstd); 5 QSCATMean; 6 QSCATStd; 7 Treecover; 8 LAImax; 9 LAIrange; 10 Bio1; 11 Bio2; 12 Bio4; 13 Bio5; 14 Bio6; 15 Bio12; 16 Bio15; 17 Bio16; 18 Bio17.