Table 2.
The regulation of transcription factors related to lipid metabolism by TCM.
| Herb/ingredients | PPAR-α/γ/δ | LXR-α | SREBPs | FXR | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berberine | α(+), γ(+) | SRE1 | Insig-i(+), CPTIA | [23, 36–38, 50] | ||
| Curcumin | γ(+) | [25, 26] | ||||
| Danshen/dihydrotanshinone 1, salvianolic acid, and Danshensu rosmarinic acid | α(+) | (+) | −1c(−) | (+) | ABCA1, ABCB4/11, SHP(+) | [40, 41] |
| Ginseng | α(+) | [45] | ||||
| Gynostemma pentaphyllum/gypenoside | α(+) | [43] | ||||
| Resin of the guggul tree/guggulsterone | (−) | AR/GR/MR(−); PR/ERα(+) | [44] | |||
| Ligustrum lucidum/oleanolic acid | α(+), γ(+) | protein kinase B (+) | [51] | |||
| Hawthorn, hawthorn-flavone | α(+) | [11, 24] | ||||
| Morroniside | α(+) | −1(−); −2(−) | NF-kβ, iNOS, (−) | [52] | ||
| FTZ | α(+) | (−) | [49] | |||
| Fenugreek (TEFS) | γ(−) | −1(−) | cEBP-α(−) | [42] |
Notes for tables: (+): positive/upregulation; (−) negative/downregulation.