Table 4.

Parameter Estimates from Bivariate Achievement → Motivation Models.

Parameter	Step 1: Full Interaction Model		Step 2: Nonsignificant Interactions Trimmed		Step 3: Nonsignificant Main Effects Trimmed
	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Math
ax	.286	[.186, .386]	.300	[.202, .398]	.329	[.253, .405]
ax′	.163	[.083, .243]	.131	[.058, .204]	.117	[.054, .180]
cx	.529	[.470, .588]	.529	[.470, .588]	.512	[.459, .565]
cx′	−.057	[−.130, .016]
ex	.314	[.283, .345]	.313	[.282, .344]	.309	[.280, .338]
ex′	−.003	[−.032, .026]
Math → Motivation
ab	.305	[.111, .499]	.219	[.080, .358]	.277	[.179, .375]
ab′	−.061	[−.186, .064]
cb	.029	[−.053, .111]	.051	[−.027, .129]
cb′ ′	−.041	[−.137, .055]
eb	.065	[−.004, .134]	.079	[.012, .146]	.062	[.001, .123]
eb′	−.021	[−.084, .042]
Motivation. Math
ay	.294	[.094, .494]	.364	[.278, .450]	.322	[.228, .416]
ay′	.022	[−.117, .161]
cy	.024	[−.419, .467]	.00	[−.306, .306]
cy′	−.032	[−.522, .458]
ey	.440	[.399, .481]	.436	[.399, .473]	.441	[.404, .478]
ey′	−.014	[−.065, .037]
sx	.193	[.148, .238]	.196	[.151, .241]	.196	[.151, .241]
sy	.423	[.360, .486]	.426	[.363, .489]	.425	[.364, .486]
AIC	5952.315		5944.999			5942.537
BIC	6060.561		6017.163			6005.680

Note. Parameters in bold are significant at P <.05. Motivation.Math refers to the variance in Motivation that is independent of Math.