Table 2.

Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Receiving Any Medication, Antibiotic and Analgesic with Nontraumatic Dental Condition Visits to Emergency Departments

Predictor	Any medication		Antibiotic		Analgesic
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Calendar Year	1.10 (1.06–1.14)	<.0001	1.06 (1.04–1.09)	<.0001	1.11 (1.07–1.14)	<.0001
Age (years)
00–04	0.63 (0.40–0.98)	0.0409	0.48 (0.32–0.71)	0.0003	0.57 (0.39–0.84)	0.0043
05–18	0.81 (0.52–1.26)	0.3483	0.77 (0.57–1.04)	0.0827	0.68 (0.49–0.94)	0.0213
19–33	1.00		1.00		1.00
34–52	1.02 (0.78–1.34)	0.8701	1.11 (0.94–1.32)	0.2317	0.95 (0.75–1.20)	0.6748
53–72	0.61 (0.39–0.96)	0.0327	0.78 (0.55–1.09)	0.1467	0.46 (0.29–0.71)	0.0006
73 and older	0.49 (0.22–1.10)	0.0840	0.75 (0.39–1.45)	0.3937	0.28 (0.13–0.62)	0.0015
*Insurance
Private insurance	1.00		1.00		1.00
Medicaid	0.99 (0.71–1.37)	0.9450	1.22 (0.99–1.51)	0.0663	0.94 (0.74–1.19)	0.5849
Medicare	0.74 (0.44–1.26)	0.2718	0.84 (0.58–1.20)	0.3340	1.07 (0.68–1.68)	0.7842
Self-pay	1.10 (0.80–1.50)	0.5461	1.38 (1.12–1.71)	0.0027	1.19 (0.93–1.53)	0.1634
Other	0.96 (0.47–1.94)	0.9003	1.04 (0.69–1.59)	0.8418	1.09 (0.64–1.87)	0.7512
Gender
Male	1.00		1.00		1.00
Female	1.04 (0.82–1.32)	0.7475	0.98 (0.84–1.15)	0.8373	1.06 (0.89–1.27)	0.4886
*Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1.00		1.00		1.00
Hispanic	0.92 (0.64–1.31)	0.6325	0.86 (0.65–1.13)	0.2699	1.08 (0.80–1.45)	0.6312
Non-Hispanic Black	0.71 (0.54–0.94)	0.0149	0.90 (0.74–1.09)	0.2814	0.93 (0.76–1.13)	0.4591
Other	0.74 (0.35–1.58)	0.4439	0.73 (0.44–1.23)	0.2400	0.90 (0.51–1.59)	0.7255
Reason for visit
Non-dental	0.57 (0.45–0.73)	<.0001	0.70 (0.58–0.84)	0.0002	0.41 (0.33–0.50)	<.0001
Dental	1.00		1.00		1.00

^*Unknown payer type and ethnicity were incorporated using multiple imputations (payer type 7.1% and/or ethnicity 10.3%), OR=Odds Ratio adjusted for all the other covariates in the table.