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. 2012 Mar 25;8:19. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-19

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Copyright ©2012 Liu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Subcutaneous morphine induces MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA up-regulation in DRGs. (A, B) RT-PCR showing time course of subcutaneous morphine-induced MMP-9 (A) and TIMP-1 (B) mRNA expression in DRGs. *P < 0.05, compared to naive control, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, n = 4 mice. (C-E) In situ hybridization showing MMP-9 mRNA expression in DRG neurons 2 h after subcutaneous injection of saline (A) and morphine (B, C). Scale, 50 μm. The box in D is enlarged in E. Note strong MMP-9 mRNA staining (arrows) near cell surface following morphine treatment. (F) Percentage of MMP-9 mRNA-positive neurons in DRGs. *P < 0.05, compared to vehicle (saline), Student's t-test, n = 4 mice.