Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| characteristic | Total (n = 984) |
Non-survivors a (N = 64) |
Survivors a (N = 920) |
p-value b |
Critical CAP c (N = 85) |
No critical CAP c (N = 899) |
p-value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years ± SD) | 58.7 (± 18.1) | 75.4 (± 9.8) | 57,5 (± 17.9) | < 0.001 | 69.5 (± 13.4) | 57.7 (± 18.1) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex N (%) | 558 (56.7) | 46 (71.8) | 512 (55.7) | 0.011 | 59 (69) | 499 (56) | 0.013 |
| Smoker N (%) | 309 (31.4) | 15 (23.4) | 294 (32.0) | 0.15 | 28 (32.9) | 281 (31.3) | 0.75 |
| Prior antibiotics N (%) | 276 (28.0) | 12 (18.8) | 264 (28.7) | 0.09 | 15 (17.6) | 261 (29.0) | 0.026 |
| Nursing home N (%) | 28 (2.8) | 7 (10.9) | 21 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 10 (11.8) | 18 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Pathogen established N(%) | 195 (19,8) | 13 (20,3) | 182 (19,8) | 0.92 | 23 (27,1) | 172 (19,1) | 0.08 |
| Comorbidities N (%) | |||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 150 (15.2) | 29 (45.3) | 121 (13.2) | < 0.001 | 31 (36.5) | 119 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 360 (36.6) | 27 (42.9) | 333 (36.4) | 0.30 | 41 (48.8) | 319 (35.6) | 0.017 |
| Chronic renal disease | 71 (7.2) | 17 (27.0) | 54 (5.9) | < 0.001 | 14 (16.7) | 57 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 33 (3.4) | 2 (3.1) | 31 (3.4) | 0.91 | 0 (0) | 33 (3.7) | 0.07 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 60 (6.1) | 11 (17.2) | 49 (5.3) | < 0.001 | 11 (12.9) | 49 (5.5) | 0.006 |
| Malignancy | 88 (8.9) | 16 (25.0) | 72 (7.9) | < 0.001 | 13 (15.3) | 75 (8.4) | 0.034 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 164 (16.7) | 20 (31.3) | 144 (15.7) | 0.001 | 27 (31.8) | 137 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
| CRB-65 N (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 417 (42.4) | 3 (4.7) | 414 (45.0) | 9 (10.6) | 408 (45.4) | ||
| 1 | 415 (42.2) | 32 (50) | 383 (41.6) | 31 (36.5) | 384 (42.7) | ||
| 2 | 132 (13.4) | 24 (37.5) | 108 (11.7) | 34 (40.0) | 98 (10.9) | ||
| 3 | 19 (1.9) | 4 (6.3) | 15 (1.6) | 10 (11.8) | 9 (1) | ||
| 4 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | ||
| Biomarker (median, IQRd) | |||||||
| Cortisol (nmol/L) | 621 (419-866) | 870 (624-1359) | 602 (407-843) | < 0.001 | 972 (626-1520) | 598 (406-837) | < 0.001 |
| WBCe (109/mL) | 10.7 (8.0-14.5) | 13.2 (9.4-16.8) | 10.6 (8.0-14.3) | 0.003 | 13.6 (10.2-17.1) | 10.5 (7.9-14.3) | < 0.001 |
| CRPf (mg/L) | 71.9 (18.8-167) | 121.3 (55-230) | 67.9 (18-163) | < 0.001 | 141 (73-246) | 66 (17-158) | < 0.001 |
a survival at 30 days; b bold values indicate significant differences; c critical CAP = presence of one of the following: death occurring during antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, catecholamine treatment or ICU admission; d IQR = interquartile range; e WBC = leucocyte count; f CRP = C-reactive protein