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. 2011 Oct 7;5(1):53–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00207.x

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of the abundance of sprayed refuges of non-Bt cotton (%) on the evolution of Helicoverpa armigera resistance to Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton at three locations in Cameroon: Guider (•), Djalingo (□), and Tcholliré (Δ). Simulations considered data on movement between non-cotton refuges and cotton fields measured at each site (Fig. 2A–C). For Cry2Ab, the initial resistance allele frequency was 0.0033 (A) or 0.033 (B), and resistance was partially recessive (DLC = 0.1, dashed line) or semi-dominant (DLC = 0.5, solid line). For Cry1Ac, the initial resistance allele frequency was 0.0003, and resistance was partially recessive (DLC = 0.26) (Table 2). The criterion for resistance evolution was >20% survival on Bt cotton.