(a) Ranks
| N | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS post- VAS pre | Negative ranks | 10 | 5.50 | 55.00 |
| Positive ranks | 0 | .00 | .00 | |
| Ties | 0 | |||
|
| ||||
| Total | 10 | |||
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