. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012 May;21(3):301–308. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e328352132d

Table 3.

Mortality Associated With Cystatin C, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Albuminuria.

				HR (95% CI)

		No. of Patients	Total No. of Deaths	Adjusted Model 1^a	Adjusted Model 2^b
Estimated GFR Creatinine ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²
No CKD all		19876	863	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]

CKD defined by biomarker measures^c
	ACR alone	2485	241	1.9 (1.6–2.2)	1.7 (1.4–1.9)

	Cystatin C alone	963	173	2.5 (2.1–3.0)	2.2 (1.9–2.7)

	ACR + Cystatin C	415	105	3.9 (3.1–4.7)	3.0 (2.4–3.7)

Estimated GFR Creatinine <60 mL/min/1.73 m²
CKD defined by biomarker measures^c
	Creatinine alone	701	32	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]

	Creatine + ACR	148	27	3.7 (2.2–6.2)	3.3 (2.0–5.6)

	Creatinine + Cystatin C	1172	223	3.5 (2.4–5.1)	3.2 (2.2–4.7)

	All biomarkers	883	276	6.6 (4.6–9.6)	5.6 (3.9–8.2)

Abbreviation: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CI, Confidence; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.

Model 1 adjusts for age, race, sex, income, and educational attainment.

Model 2 adjusts for the above plus hypertension, diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking status, and body mass index.

see "Methods" section for definitions of biomarker measures.