Table 1. Study characteristics by NGT, i-IFG, i-IGT, IFG/IGT, NDD, and known diabetes mellitus, men (n = 1431) and women (n = 1539) aged 32–81 years, KORA F4 study.
| NGT | i-IFG | i-IGT | IFG/IGT | NDD | Known diabetes | |
| Men | n = 971 | n = 75 | n = 147 | n = 42 | n = 61 | n = 135 |
| Women | n = 1,164 | n = 38 | n = 168 | n = 27 | n = 47 | n = 95 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Men | 52.8 (12.8) | 60.8 (10.8)** | 63.6 (11.2)** | 63.1 (10.0)** | 65.1 (10.4)** | 68.2 (8.9)** |
| Women | 52.8 (12.4) | 62.3 (10.8)** | 63.8 (11.5)** | 66.3 (7.1)** | 65.4 (10.6)** | 66.3 (9.4)** |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Men | 5.8 (1.2) | 6.7 (1.4)** | 6.3 (1.2)** | 6.4 (1.1)** | 6.2 (1.5)* | 6.3 (1.5)** |
| Women | 4.3 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.5)** | 4.8 (1.1)** | 5.5 (1.0)** | 5.7 (1.5)** | 5.6 (1.6)** |
| Education (<12 years, %) | ||||||
| Men | 47.0 | 50.7 | 53.1 | 47.6 | 52.5 | 67.4** |
| Women | 63.8 | 65.8 | 78.6** | 77.8 | 76.6 | 80.0** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Men | 27.0 (3.7) | 29.7 (3.1)** | 29.5 (4.8)** | 30.5 (5.1)** | 30.8 (4.6)** | 29.9 (4.6)** |
| Women | 26.2 (4.8) | 30.2 (6.7)** | 29.4 (4.8)** | 31.3 (4.9)** | 31.5 (4.1)** | 33.1 (6.0)** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
| Men | 96.9 (10.6) | 104.9 (10.8)** | 104.8 (14.1)** | 107.0 (13.4)** | 107.9 (11.5)** | 107.1 (11.7)** |
| Women | 85.1 (11.9) | 97.5 (14.1)** | 93.3 (12.1)** | 101.6 (12.9)** | 100.1 (9.1)** | 102.5 (13.6)** |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Men | 125.0 (16.3) | 132.1 (18.0)** | 131.9 (18.1)** | 135.8 (18.2)** | 135.1 (18.4)** | 134.8 (20.0)** |
| Women | 114.2 (16.8) | 128.2 (22.0)** | 121.6 (19.0)** | 131.7 (13.7)** | 127.1 (15.5)** | 129.8 (19.2)** |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Men | 77.3 (9.7) | 79.0 (10.0) | 78.2 (11.3) | 82.4 (10.2)** | 79.4 (11.5) | 75.6 (10.6) |
| Women | 72.6 (9.3) | 74.4 (8.9) | 73.1 (9.3) | 78.7 (7.3)** | 74.0 (9.9) | 73.0 (10.2) |
| Actual hypertension (%) | ||||||
| Men | 31.5 | 56.0** | 65.3** | 78.6** | 75.4** | 78.5** |
| Women | 24.2 | 50.0** | 45.8** | 55.6** | 80.9** | 81.1** |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Men | 213.4 (36.9) | 219.2 (44.9) | 221.3 (42.6)* | 223.3 (37.6) | 216.7 (44.7) | 194.0 (37.5)** |
| Women | 216.1 (39.2) | 231.7 (36.6)* | 228.1 (42.3)** | 233.5 (37.5)* | 222.8 (39.4) | 214.2 (40.2) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Men | 51.4 (12.1) | 48.7 (13.6) | 50.2 (13.7) | 47.3 (13.2)* | 46.5 (12.3)** | 46.3 (10.7)** |
| Women | 62.8 (14.1) | 55.2 (12.6)** | 59.7 (13.5)** | 53.0 (11.7)** | 50.5 (12.5)** | 52.8 (11.2)** |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) § | ||||||
| Men | 110.0 (1.7) | 140.7 (1.7)** | 136.9 (1.7)** | 162.1 (1.9)** | 156.5 (1.9)** | 136.9 (1.7)** |
| Women | 85.1 (1.6) | 125.9 (1.6)** | 110.1 (1.5)** | 154.7 (1.4)** | 155.4 (1.7)** | 139.1 (1.8)** |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) § | ||||||
| Men | 0.98 (1.18) | 0.99 (1.21) | 1.01 (1.21) | 1.0 (1.17) | 1.03 (1.25) | 1.07 (1.31)** |
| Women | 0.78 (1.18) | 0.79 (1.20) | 0.81 (1.21)* | 0.87 (1.25)** | 0.85 (1.20)** | 0.86 (1.27)** |
| Alcohol intake (%) | ||||||
| Men ≥40.0 g/d | 19.4 | 24.0 | 20.4 | 31.0 | 27.9 | 19.3 |
| Women ≥20.0 g/d | 15.6 | 23.7 | 11.9 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 8.4 |
| Regular smoking (%) | ||||||
| Men | 20.5 | 8.0** | 8.8** | 9.5 | 14.8 | 12.6* |
| Women | 15.2 | 13.2 | 4.8** | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.4* |
| Physically active during leisure time (%) | ||||||
| Men | 57.9 | 50.7** | 45.6 | 50.0 | 52.5 | 34.8** |
| Women | 58.5 | 34.2** | 53.0 | 59.3 | 40.4* | 39.0** |
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; NDD, newly detected diabetes; i-IFG, isolated impaired fasting glucose; i-IGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance.
§
geometric mean (SD);
*
p<.05;
**
p<.01 for comparisons with NGT.