Table 2.

Plasma leucine, glucose and insulin concentrations and plasma α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and muscle free leucine tracer-to-tracee ratios (TTR) in obese, older men (n = 7) before and after completing a 3-month long multi-component exercise training regimen.

Time (min)	Concentration						Enrichment (TTR)
	Leucine (µM)		Glucose (mM)		Insulin (µU/ml)		Plasma α-KIC		Muscle free leucine
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Basal state
0	126 ± 9	113 ± 7	5.72 ± 0.10	5.46 ± 0.07	---	---	---	---	---	---
30	132 ± 7	124 ± 6	---	---	---	---	0.0557 ± 0.0024	0.0594 ± 0.0032	---	---
60	135 ± 7	121 ± 6	5.52 ± 0.04	5.35 ± 0.06	---	---	0.0525 ± 0.0029	0.0559 ± 0.0040	---	---
90	127 ± 9	132 ± 8	---	---	---	---	0.0515 ± 0.0024	0.0568 ± 0.0046	---	---
120	127 ± 8	129 ± 7	5.42 ± 0.10	5.30 ± 0.09	---	---	0.0530 ± 0.0027	0.0583 ± 0.0041	---	---
150	132 ± 9	130 ± 7	---	---	---	---	0.0541 ± 0.0029	0.0553 ± 0.0032	---	---
180	130 ± 7	133 ± 7	5.25 ± 0.10	5.13 ± 0.10	16 ± 3	13 ± 2	0.0538 ± 0.0035	0.0571 ± 0.0039	---	---
210	132 ± 7	134 ± 7	5.10 ± 0.12	5.08 ± 0.12	15 ± 4	14 ± 3	0.0557 ± 0.0053	0.0563 ± 0.0034	0.0369 ± 0.0039	0.0410 ± 0.0026
Average	131 ± 7	128 ± 6	5.34 ± 0.07	5.22 ± 0.08	15 ± 3	14 ± 2	0.0539 ± 0.0030	0.0568 ± 0.0037
Mixed meal feeding
240	157 ± 5	151 ± 8	6.16 ± 0.31	6.12 ± 0.32	---	---	0.0644 ± 0.0045	0.0658 ± 0.0035	---	---
270	148 ± 6	147 ± 6	6.48 ± 0.35	6.71 ± 0.26	50 ± 12	43 ± 3	0.0708 ± 0.0047	0.0715 ± 0.0044	---	---
300	142 ± 9	138 ± 7	6.33 ± 0.28	6.69 ± 0.26	---	---	0.0738 ± 0.0041	0.0753 ± 0.0053	---	---
330	144 ± 7	134 ± 9	6.81 ± 0.33	6.79 ± 0.26	54 ± 14	51 ± 11	0.0755 ± 0.0048	0.0776 ± 0.0045	---	---
360	133 ± 6	129 ± 8	6.77 ± 0.28	7.02 ± 0.21	---	---	0.0718 ± 0.0069	0.0773 ± 0.0045	0.0572 ± 0.0054a	0.0593 ± 0.0020a
Average	143 ± 6a	138 ± 7a	6.57 ± 0.28a	6.75 ± 0.21a	52 ± 10a	47 ± 7a	0.0719 ± 0.0049a	0.0744 ± 0.0043a

Values are means ± SEM. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of feeding (P < 0.01) but no significant main effect of exercise training (P ≥ 0.37) and no significant interaction for each of the variables (P ≥ 0.38).

^aValue significantly different from corresponding value during basal, post-absorptive conditions (P < 0.01).