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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 17.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Billing. 2009 Mar;13(1):91–109. doi: 10.1177/1367006909103530

Table 2.

Means and Standard Deviations of Amount of Language Input, and Ratings of Use and Proficiency for the Participants (N = 58).

Language Ability
Characteristic
TLD
n = 40
LI
n = 18
p d
Age in years
Proportion of Spanish input at home 57.91(21.23) 60.60(16.29) .64 .14
Proportion of English input at home 39.45(20.02) 39.40(16.29) .99 .00
Parents' rating of use of Spanish 3.76(0.60) 3.83(0.71) .67 .11
Parents' rating of use of English 3.38(0.98) 3.22(0.94) .58 .17
Parents' rating of proficiency in Spanish 3.81(0.40) 3.83(0.38) .84 .05
Parents' rating of proficiency in English 3.43(0.80) 3.05(1.00) .14 .44
Teachers' rating of use of Spanish 2.38(1.53) 2.39(1.35) .97 .01
Teachers' rating of use of English 2.90(1.28) 2.42(1.26) .27 .38
Teachers' rating of proficiency in Spanish 3.25(1.22) 3.18(0.87) .87 .06
Teachers' rating of proficiency in English 3.10(0.92) 2.91(.94) .56 .21
Proportion of input at school in Spanish 39.28(32.40) 38.19(31.56) .92 .03
Proportion of input at school in English 57.59(33.30) 52.73(33.79) .68 .15