Table 3. Associations between residential proximity to a major roadway (<150 meters [N = 18] versus >150 meters [N = 206]) and outcomes in asthmatic children identified through exploratory analyses.
| Outcome variable | Children living <150 meters with outcome | Children living >150 meters with outcome | Adjusted | 95% CI | p-value |
| N (%) | N (%) | OR1 | |||
| Wheezing more than twice weekly | 13 (72) | 57 (28) | 6.05 | 1.87, 19.56 | 0.003 |
| Daily wheezing | |||||
| (5 of 7 days per week) | 7 (39) | 22 (11) | 3.93 | 1.24, 12.45 | 0.02 |
| Healthcare utilization for asthma (previous 12 months) | |||||
| Emergency room visit | 11 (61) | 115 (56) | 1.04 | 0.34, 3.18 | 0.945 |
| Hospitalization2 | 11 (61) | 68 (33) | 3.18 | 1.01, 9.94 | 0.047 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 6 (33) | 42 (20) | 1.63 | 0.46, 5.74 | 0.445 |
| Airflow limitation | |||||
| FEV1<80% of predicted value | 5 (28) | 46 (22) | 1.32 | 0.41, 4.24 | 0.636 |
| FEV1/FVC<80% of predicted value | 5 (28) | 36 (17) | 1.71 | 0.52, 5.64 | 0.376 |
| FEF25–75<80% of predicted value | 13 (72) | 114 (55) | 3.44 | 0.87, 13.57 | 0.078 |
1
Adjusted for payor status (private insurance versus Medicaid), race (white versus non-white), parental history of asthma (yes versus no), environmental tobacco smoke exposure at least one day per week (yes versus no), and history of gastroesophageal reflux (yes versus no).