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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Behav. 2012 Mar 26;106(4):476–484. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.019

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of isolation versus pairing of female prairie voles on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced changes in their aortic contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE). ACh was not administered until PE-induced contractile tensions stabilized. *Isolation significantly attenuated the ability of ACh to relax PE-induced contractions in aortic tissues with endothelium intact (left), as determined by a significant group effect from mixed-design 2-factor ANOVA in which factor 1 (independent factor) = isolated or paired animal group and factor 2 (repeated measures factor) = ACh concentrations [F (1,32) = 4.92, p=0.03]. Removal of the endothelium (right) not only abolished the effect of isolation but also unmasked an ACh-induced enhancement of PE-induced contractions (similarly in tissues from both groups of animals). Note: values are shown as mean ± SEM.