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. 2011 Oct 14;6(1-3):46–60. doi: 10.1159/000332740

Table 1.

DSD in the cat and dog that are animal models or potential animal models for human DSD

Species Sex chromosome DSD XY DSD XX DSD
Cat 39,XXY and variants Disorders of testicular development: Androgen excess, fetal:
37,X and variants

  • Ovotesticular DSD

  • 11-beta hydroxylase deficiency (CYP11B1)
39,XXX variants Disorders in androgen synthesis or action: Other:
38,XX/38,XY chimerism

  • Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) Other:

  • Müllerian agenesis/hypoplasia Vaginal atresia

  • Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

  • Isolated hypospadias

  • Isolated cryptorchidism
Dog 79,XXY Disorders of testicular development: Disorders of ovarian development:
77,X variants

  • Partial testicular dysgenesis

  • Ovotesticular DSD
79,XXX and variants

  • Ovotesticular DSD

  • Testicular DSD
77,X/78,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis Disorders in androgen synthesis or action: Androgen excess, maternal:
78,XX/78,XY chimerism

  • Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (PAIS) Other:

  • Androgenic drugs Other:

  • Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

  • Müllerian agenesis/hypoplasia

  • Isolated hypospadias

  • Isolated cryptorchidism