Table 2.
Map positions of candidate genes encoding carotenoid biosynthetic and degradative enzymes in Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Sorghum bicolor.
| Enzyme | Maize (Zea mays) |
Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) |
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chr. bin | Reference/GenBank | Chr. bin | Reference/GenBank | Chr. bin | Reference/GenBank | Chr. Bin and (qtl) | Reference/phytozome | |
| DXS1 | 6.05 | AY110050 | 5 | AK064944 | 9 | Sb09g020140 | ||
| DXS2 | 9.03 | AY946270 | 7 | AK100909 | 2 | Sb02g005380 | ||
| DXS3 | 4.06 | AY104478 | 6 | AK121920 | 10 | Sb10g002960 | ||
| DXR | 3.04 | BG840684 | 1 | AK099702 | 3 | Sb03g008650 | ||
| MCT | DR818082 | 1 | AP003379 | 3 | Sb03g042160 | |||
| CMK | 3.06 | BG354410 | 1 | AK067589 | 3 | Sb03g037310 | ||
| MDS | CD974184 | 2 | AK060238 | 4 | 04g031830 | |||
| HDS | 5.03 | AC198323 | 2 | AK120769 | 6D | BE585702 | 4 | Sb04g025290 |
| HDR | 1.09 | DR789385 | 3 | AK062113 | 1 | Sb01g009140 | ||
| IPPI1 | 7.04 | AF330034 | 7 | AK065871 | 1A | CD452500 | 2 | Sb02g035700 |
| IPPI2 | 8.03 | AC203067 | 5 | AK060336 | 9 | Sb09g020370 | ||
| IPPI3 | 6.05 | AC206783 | ||||||
| GGPPS1 | 2.08 | EE417573 | 7 | AK121529 | 2 | Sb02g037510 | ||
| GGPPS2 | 7.04 | EF417574 | 1 | AP002865 | ||||
| GGPPS3 | 8.01 | AC211188 | 3 | Sb03g009380 | ||||
| PSY1 | 6.01 | AY324431 | 6 | AY445521 | 7AL, 7BL, 7A | Yellow pigment qtl | 10b, 0.0 cM, qtl (color; p ≤ 0.0001) | Sb10g031020 |
| PSY2 | 8.07 | AY325302 | 12 | AY773943 | 5A, 5B | Either PSY2 or PSY3 | 8 | Sb08g022310 |
| PSY3 | 7.03 | DQ372936 | 9 | FJ214953 | 2, 165.9 cM | Sb02g032370 | ||
| PDS | 1.02 | L39266 | 3 | AF049356 | 4A, 4B | 6, 16.9 cM | Sb06g030030 | |
| Z-ISO | 10.03 | BT036679 | 12 | BAF29644 | 8 | Sb08g014610 | ||
| ZDS | 7.02 | AF047490 | 7 | AK065213 | 2A, 2B | 2, 37.1 cM | Sb02g006100 | |
| CrtISO1 | 4.08 | CC749876, AC218991 | 11 | AC108871 | 5 | Sb05g022240 | ||
| CrtISO2pseudo | 2.09 | EE045563/AC183901 | ||||||
| LCYB | 5.04 | AY206862 | AP008208 | 4 | Sb04g006120 | |||
| LCYE | 8.05 | BV727273 | AK072015 | 3, 123.1 cM | Sb03g026020 | |||
| HYD1pseudo | EU638325 | |||||||
| HYD2pseudo | EU638326 | |||||||
| HYD3 | 10.05 | AY844958 | ||||||
| HYD4 | 2.03 | AC196442 | 4 | AL606624 | 6 | Sb06g026190 | ||
| HYD5 | 9.07 | AC149033 | 3 | AC119747 | 1 | Sb01g048860 | ||
| HYD6 | 1.01 | AC155364 | 10 | AE016959 | ||||
| CYP97C2 | 3.05 | BE552887 | 10 | AK065689 | 6AL, 6BL, 6DL | USDA | 1, 146.3 cM | Sb01g030050 |
| CYP97A4 | 4 | AY112171 | 2 | AK068163 | 4 | Sb04g037300 | ||
| ZEP1 | 2.04 | AC194845 | 4 | AL606448 | 6 | Sb06g018220 | ||
| ZEP2 | 10.04 | AC206194 | NA | NA | ||||
| VDE | 2.05 | EU956472 | 1, 4 | Os01g0716400, Os04g0379700 | 6 | Sb06g012950 | ||
| NXS | 1 | Os01g03750 | 3 | Sb03g007320 | ||||
| CCD1 | 9.07 | AY106323 | 12 | Os12g44310 | 1, 48.5 cM qtl (color; p ≤ 0.05) | Sb01g047540 | ||
| NCED1 | 1.08 | AC201886 | 1, 210.3 cM | |||||
| NCED2 | 3.04 | AC199036 | 12 | Os12g42280 | 1 | Sbi_0.36552 | ||
| NCED3a | AC212820 | 7 | Os07g05940 | 2 | Sb02g003230 | |||
| NCED3b | 2.09 | AC205109 | ||||||
| CCD4a | 4.06 | AC190588 | 2 | Os02g47510 | 4 | Sb04g030640 | ||
| CCD 4b | 5.06 | AC194862 | 12 | Os12g24800 | ||||
| CCD7 | 2.03 | AC211432 | 4 | Os04g46470 | 6 | Sb06g024560 | ||
| CCD8a | 3.07 | AC185113 | 1 | Os01g54270 | 5 | Sb05g009950 | ||
| CCD8b | 7.02 | AC198395 | 9 | Os09g15240 | 2 | Sb02g021490; | ||
| CCD8c | 1 | Os01g38580 | 10 | Sb10g004360 | ||||
| 10 (8c-like) | Sb10g004370 | |||||||
| CCD8d | 8 | Os08g28240 | 2 | Sb02g021490 | ||||
| 7 (8d-like) | Sb07g024250 | |||||||
| NCED9 | 5.03 | AC190614 | 3 | Os03g44380 | 1 | Sb01g013520 | ||
Pseudo indicates the gene is not functional in the maize B73 inbred. The strength of the association between a QTL and a metabolite are indicated by a p value. The bin positions and QTL data are derived from the following references (Matthews et al., 2003; Wong et al., 2004; Chander et al., 2008; Fernandez et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2010; Vallabhaneni et al., 2010; MaizeDatabase, www.maizegdb.org).