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. 2012 Apr 10;2:31. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00031

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation of signal transduction pathways and points of inhibition by targeted therapies. The activation of EGFR on tumor cells leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the kinase domain of the receptor and subsequent activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, JAK–STAT, or PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. In turn, these pathways result in the activation of genes related to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, metastasis, and adhesion. Akt, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular regulated kinase; JAK, Janus kinase; MEK, MAP kinase–ERK kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Ras, rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; Raf, v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1; SRC, Rous sarcoma oncogene; STAT, signal transducer, and activator of transcription; TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Adapted from Box 2 in Nyati et al. (2006) and Figure 2 in Marshall (2011).