Table 1.
A brief description of the pVHL substrates and the types of cancer they are involved in.
| Gene name | Biological functions | Types of cancer involved | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIFα (HIF1, 2, and 3α) | Mediate transcriptional adaptation to oxygen deprivation by enhancing metabolic change, migration, and angiogenesis | All types of cancer | Semenza (2010) |
| EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) | Activate Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PDK1/Akt1 pathways; promote cell proliferation; and resistance to apoptosis | All types of cancer | Jorissen et al. (2003), Yarden and Sliwkowski (2001) |
| RPB1 (large subunit of RNA polymerase II) | The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes | Kidney cancer | Yi et al. (2010) |
| RPB7 (RNA polymerase II seventh subunit) | The seventh largest subunit of RNA polymerase II that reportedly increases VEGF expression | Kidney cancer | Na et al. (2003) |
| aPKC (atypical protein kinase C) | Activates MAPK and upregulate VEGF expression (PKCδ); phosphorylates MUC1 and potentiates β-catenin signaling (PKCδ); increases cancer cell migration (PKCδ); acts as endogenous inhibitors of tight junction formation (PKCζII) | Breast cancer Colon cancer Kidney cancer Endometrial cancer |
Pal et al. (1997), Ren et al. (2002), Razorenova et al. (2011), Reno et al. (2008), Parkinson et al. (2004) |
| SPRY2 (sprouty2) | Antagonizes the activated receptor tyrosine kinases and downregulates angiogenesis | Breast cancer Hepatocellular cancer prostate cancer Lung cancer Colon cancer | Lee et al. (2001), Lo et al. (2004), Fong et al. (2006), McKie et al. (2005), Sutterluty et al. (2007), Feng et al. (2011) |
| β2AR (β-adrenergic receptor II) | Mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. involved in cardiovascular functions and apoptosis | Currently not known | Rockman et al. (2002) |
| MYBBP1A (Myb-binding protein p160) | May activate or repress transcription through interactions with DNA-binding proteins | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Diaz et al. (2007), Tavner et al. (1998), Acuna Sanhueza et al. (2012) |