Table 3.

Associations between the risk of non-spine/non-hip fractures and vision risk factors. (N=3,869)

Vision Risk Factors*	Number of women who had incident non- spine/non-hip fractures out of the number of subjects in the study population (%)	Crude Incidence 95% CI (per 1000 person years)	Model adjusted for age, race, study site, and cognitive function HR; 95% CI P-value	Fully-adjusted model† HR; 95% CI P-value
Binocular VF loss: None (0)	307/1,494 (21%)	23.9 (21.3 – 26.7)	1.00; referent -	1.00; referent -
Mild (1-9)	285/1,615 (18%)	22.1 (19.7 – 24.9)	0.88; (0.75- 1.04) 0.12	0.89; (0.75- 1.05) 0.16
Moderate (10-19)	80/378 (21%)	29.0 (23.3 – 36.1)	1.18; (0.92- 1.52) 0.19	1.13; (0.87- 1.47) 0.35
Severe (20+)	98/382 (26%)	37.5 (30.7 – 45.7)	1.59; (1.24- 2.03) 0.0002	1.46; (1.13- 1.89) 0.004
P for trend			<0.0001	0.0004
VA: 20/40 or better	578/2,949 (20%)	23.8 (21.9 – 25.8)	1.00; referent -	1.00; referent -
Worse than 20/40	192/918 (21%)	28.4 (24.6 – 32.7)	1.19; (1.00- 1.41) 0.046	1.12; (0.94- 1.33) 0.21
CS: ≥25 CS score	465/2,420 (19%)	23.0 (21.0 – 25.2)	1.00; referent -	1.00; referent -
<25 CS score	304/1,437 (21%)	28.0 (25.0 – 31.3)	1.28; (1.10- 1.49) 0.001	1.28; (1.09- 1.50) 0.002

HR = Hazards ratio, CI = Confidence interval, VF = Visual field, VA = Visual acuity, CS = Contrast sensitivity.

^*Each vision risk factor was examined in a separate model.

^†Adjusted for age, race (black vs. white), study sites (four sites), cognitive function (MMSE), current smoker (yes vs. no), alcohol use (yes vs. no), self-reported health status (good/excellent vs. poor/fair), self-reported diabetes (yes vs. no), self-reported hyperthyroidism (yes vs. no), self-reported osteoporosis (yes vs. no), depression (yes vs. no), current use of anticonvulsant drugs (yes vs. no), current use of long-acting benzodiazepines (yes vs. no), body mass index, walking speed, average grip strength, use