Table 1.

Hereditary tumor syndromes associated with thyroid cancer.

Disease	Histological type	Gene mutation	Location	Incidence of thyroid cancer	Pathological variant of PTC
FAP and Gardner syndrome	PTC	APC tumor suppressor gene	5q21	2–12%	Cribriform-morular classical variant
Cowden syndrome	FTC, PTC, C-cell hyperplasia	PTEN tumor suppressor gene	10q23.2	>10%
Carney complex	FTC, PTC	PRKAR1-x	2p16 17q22–24	60 and 4%
Werner syndrome	FTC, PTC, ATC	WRN gene	8p11–p12	18%

PTC, papillary thyroid cancer; FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis; APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; FTC, follicular thyroid cancer; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin; PRKAR1-x protein kinase A regulatory subunit type 1-alpha; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer; WRN, Werner.