Table 4.
Novel targets and trials for GBM.
| Target | Agent | Mechanism of action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| VEGFR | Bevacizumab | Monoclonal antibody against VEGFR | Active in glioblastoma, activity in newly diagnosed glioblastoma being prospectively evaluated in RTOG 08-25 |
| VEGFR | Cediranib | pan-VEGF receptor inhibitor | No improvement in survival in combination with lomustine over lomustine alone |
| MET, VEGFR-2 | XL-184 | pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Phase II study ongoing |
| EGFR | Gefitinib, erlotinib | Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Gefitinib+RT not superior to RT alone, erlotinib+RT+temozolomide being evaluated |
| EGFR | Rindopepimut | Vaccine to EGFRvIII | Active in glioblastoma, being studied in ACT III study |
| PARP-1 | Iniparnib | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor | Reversed temozolomide resistance in a murine xenograft |
| Integrin alpha-v/beta-3 and alpha-v/beta-5 | Cilengitide | Inhibits alpha-v integrin signaling | Phase III study comparing cilengitide to conventional chemoradiation versus conventional treatment alone ongoing |
| Notch pathway | GSI RO4929097 | Gamma secretase inhibitor | Phase II study ongoing |