Table 4. Logistic regression models for the association between actual route of delivery and method of breastfeeding^a.

Planned mode of delivery	Actual route of delivery	Exclusive breastfeedingb			Formula feedingc
		N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)d	N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)d
Planned VD	Spontaneous VD	324,241 (92.7)	Reference	Reference	3,434 (1.0)	Reference	Reference
	Assisted VD	27,108 (90.7)	0.77 (0.74–0.81)	0.85 (0.82–0.89)	405 (1.4)	1.39 (1.25–1.54)	1.35 (1.21–1.50)
	Labored CD	26,682 (90.6)	0.77 (0.73–0.80)	0.90 (0.86–0.94)	411 (1.4)	1.43 (1.29–1.58)	1.27 (1.13–1.43)
Planned CDMR	Labored CDMR	1,934 (90.8)	0.78 (0.67–0.90)	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	36 (1.7)	1.73 (1.25–2.41)	1.38 (0.98–1.94)
	Unlabored CDMR	18,211 (89.6)	0.68 (0.65–0.71)	0.81 (0.77–0.85)	444 (2.2)	2.25 (2.04–2.49)	1.79 (1.59–1.99)

^a VD: vaginal delivery; CDMR: cesarean delivery on maternal request; CD: cesarean delivery;

^b Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will exclusively breastfeed their babies before discharge compared to that in the reference group;

^c Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will formula feed their babies before discharge compared to that in the reference group;

^d Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, BMI, gestation, infant birthweight, year of delivery, location of residence, site of delivery, occupation, education level, delivery hospital level, infant sex, and mother's hospital stay before discharge.