Table 2. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.
| Strain or plasmid | Relevant characteristic(s) | Source |
| Bacillus licheniformis 749/I | β-lactamase inducible strain, wild-type | |
| Bacillus subtilis 168 | Recipient cell for E. coli/Bacillus shuttle vectors | ATCC 23857 |
| Escherichia coli GI724 | Host cell for heterologous expression of BlaR1 L3, F-, lamda-, lacPL8, ampC::Ptrpcl | Invitrogen |
| pUCBM20 | Cloning plasmid, Apr | Boehringer |
| pCR-ScriptTMSK(+) | Cloning vector for PCR fragments, Apr | Stratagene |
| pLEX | Expression vector from inducible P-lambda promoter, Apr | Novagen |
| pDML995 | A derivative of the Bacillus/E. coli shuttle vector pMK4 [39] carrying the wild-type B. licheniformis 749I bladivergon, Apr in E.coli and Cmr in Bacillus | A. Brans (unpublished) |
| pDML1251 | pUCBM20 derivative carrying the SstI/EcoRIblaR1 fragment | This study |
| pDML1255 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1H212A/E213A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1256 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213A mutation | This study |
| pDML1257 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 H212A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1258 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1260 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 E253A mutation | This study |
| pDML1261 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 D257A mutation | This study |
| pDML1262 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 E274A mutation | This study |
| pDML1264 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 D221A mutation | This study |
| pDML1265 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 Y272A mutation | This study |
| pDML1266 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213D mutation | This study |
| pDML1267 | pDML1251 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213Q mutation | This study |
| pDML1268 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 H212A/E213A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1269 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213A mutation | This study |
| pDML1270 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 H212A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1271 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1273 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 E253A mutation | This study |
| pDML1274 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 D257Amutation | This study |
| pDML1275 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 E274A mutation | This study |
| pDML1277 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 D221A mutation | This study |
| pDML1278 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 Y272A mutation | This study |
| pDML1279 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213D mutation | This study |
| pDML1280 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 E213Q mutation | This study |
| pDML3045 | pDML995 derivative carrying BlaR1 R304A/R305A mutation | This study |
| pDML1283 | pCR-ScriptTMSK(+) derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 loop coding sequence | This study |
| pDML1284 | pDML1283 derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 E213A mutation | This study |
| pDML1285 | pDML1283 derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 H212A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1286 | pDML1283 derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 D257A mutation | This study |
| pDML1287 | pDML1283 derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 D221A mutation | This study |
| pDML1293 | pDML1283 derivative carrying BlaR1 L3 E253A mutation | This study |
| pDML1288 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 loop | This study |
| pDML1289 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 carrying E213A mutation | This study |
| pDML1290 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 carrying H212A/H216A mutation | This study |
| pDML1291 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 carrying D257A mutation | This study |
| pDML1292 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 carrying D221A mutation | This study |
| pDML1294 | pLEX derivative allowing the expression of BlaR1 L3 carrying E253A mutation | This study |
Apr: ampicillin resistance.
Cmr: chloramphenicol resistance.