Fig. 5.
Time-lapse phase contrast images of HUVECs under fluidic condition by a wide-field microscope (objective 10x). Perfusion started with gentle flow (2μl/min). Cells were round at this point. Flow rate was gradually increased until it reached 20ml/min. After 7 hours of perfusion, flow rate was increased to 200μl/min and HUVECs began to spread out. After 12 hours of perfusion, flow rate was increased to 2ml/min and maintained thereafter.