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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Commun. 2011 Nov 1;2:521. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1524

Figure 6. A model of T helper cell priming by extracellular HSPs.

Figure 6

The release of HSPs from tumor cells (or introduced through vaccination) into the extracellular environment has the potential to stimulate APCs through CD91. The APCs will advertise HSP-specific effects through a unique pattern of co-stimulation (cytokines described here and co-stimulatory molecules [13]) in the draining lymph nodes where they prime Th cell subsets of different types. These effects are nevertheless influenced by other cytokines the tumor cells themselves may release like TGF-β.