Fig. P1.

Proposed model for Kiss1 gene looping induced by estrogen stimulation in the AVPV. The diagram shows two possible states of the mouse Kiss1 gene locus during transcriptional regulation in the AVPV. (Upper) In the absence of estrogen, a factor-mediated association between the Kiss1 promoter and the 5′ upstream region forms a chromatin loop and may prevent transcription. (Lower) In the presence of estrogen, the estrogen–ERα complex induces histone acetylation in the Kiss1 promoter region, causing a relaxed chromatin structure, and consequently enhances the formation of a chromatin loop between the Kiss1 promoter and the 3′ enhancer region, promoting transcription.