Table 3. Models Predicting Changes in Cognitive Functioning From Changes in Child-Reported Sleepiness (n = 250).
| Parameter | Verbal comprehension | Decision speed | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | |
| Intercept (γ00) | 451.59*** | 451.64*** | 450.10*** | 452.51*** | 451.65*** | 451.16*** | 449.96*** | 451.90*** |
| Sleepiness_I (γ01) | −.16 | −.16 | −.04 | −.27 | −.23 | −.27 | −.08 | −.301 |
| SES composite | 0.68* | 0.43 | 0.70** | 0.68* | 0.398 | 1.79 | 0.41 | 0.406 |
| AA | −5.79*** | -5.86*** | -0.99 | −5.76*** | −2.32 | −2.05 | 2.88 | −2.25 |
| Boy | 2.18 | 2.20 | 2.13 | −1.68 | −8.46*** | −8.44*** | −8.54*** | −11.30 |
| Age | .40*** | .40*** | .40*** | .41*** | .46*** | .48*** | .46*** | .48*** |
| Puberty | −1.09 | −1.09 | −1.27 | −1.28 | −0.55 | −0.78 | −0.82 | −0.77 |
| Sleepiness_I × SES | .02 | −.09 | ||||||
| Sleepiness_I × AA | −.30 | −.32 | ||||||
| Sleepiness_I × Boy | .24 | .18 | ||||||
| Rate of change (γ10) | 19.95*** | 19.70*** | 18.04*** | 22.07*** | 24.94*** | 24.84*** | 20.38*** | 28.34*** |
| Sleepiness_I (γ11) | −.22* | −.21* | −.12 | −.39** | −.12 | −.13 | .13 | −.41* |
| Sleepiness_S (γ12) | −.36** | −.32* | −.13 | −.62** | −.19 | −.23 | .26 | −.53 |
| SES composite | 0.04 | −0.10 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.39 |
| AA | 0.10 | 0.25 | 3.33 | −0.006 | 2.26* | 2.12 | 10.76* | 2.14 |
| Boy | −0.41 | −0.41 | −0.29 | −5.91* | −1.98 | −2.02 | −1.77 | −11.00** |
| Age | −.13*** | −.13*** | −.12*** | −.13*** | −.14** | −.15** | −.14** | −.14** |
| Puberty | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.36 |
| Sleepiness_I× SES | .02 | −.01 | ||||||
| Sleepiness_S × SES | .09 | −.06 | ||||||
| Sleepiness_I × AA | −.24 | −.60* | ||||||
| Sleepiness_S × AA | −.51* | −1.00* | ||||||
| Sleepiness_I × Boy | .39* | .63* | ||||||
| Sleepiness_S × Boy | .51* | .65 | ||||||
| Variance components | ||||||||
| Within subjects | 5.77 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 5.75 | 9.40 | 9.41 | 9.36 | 9.37 |
| Between subjects | 8.54 | 8.54 | 8.43 | 8.53 | 11.66 | 11.51 | 11.66 | 11.63 |
| Goodness-of-fit statistics | ||||||||
| R2 within | .5895 | .5919 | .5921 | .5948 | .5800 | .5784 | .5856 | .5850 |
| R2 between | .3508 | .3536 | .3580 | .3586 | .3248 | .3352 | .3302 | .3320 |
| R2 total | .4036 | .4067 | .4097 | .4111 | .3745 | .3812 | .3777 | .3806 |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status; AA = African American; _I = population average intercept at Time 1 for Sleepiness; _S = population average slope of Sleepiness between Time 1 and Time 3.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.