FIG. 4.

In vitro inductively coupled (IC) AC device. (a) For more complicated designs, devices are created using modeling software, such as SolidWorks, and then sent out to a fabrication facility. In this design, the distance between the top and bottom coil is adjustable for the purpose of increasing or decreasing the field strength applied to the tissues. (b) In this device, the cell culture dish is placed within the center of the device between each coil. In many studies, cells are given overnight (or up to 24 hours) to attach to the scaffold or the bottom of the dish before electric stimulation. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/teb