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(A) Plasma tryptophan concentrations (μg mL−1) in healthy controls and IBS patients. (B) Plasma kynurenine concentrations (μg mL−1) in healthy controls and IBS patients. (C) Plasma kynurenine:tryptophan (Kyn:Tryp) ratio in healthy controls and IBS patients. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical differences between healthy controls and IBS patients were determined using Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05.
