Table 2.

Kynurenine concentrations (μg mL⁻¹) in unstimulated and TLR agonist stimulated whole blood supernatants from healthy controls and IBS patients.

Control			IBS
TLR stimulation	Kynurenine	p	Kynurenine	p
Unstimulated	0.22 ± 0.01	N/A	0.24 ± 0.01
1/2 (Pam3Cys)	0.21 ± 0.01	–	0.18 ± 0.01	$$$
2 (HKLM)	0.27 ± 0.01	***	0.20 ± 0.01	$
3 (Poly I:C)	0.22 ± 0.01	–	0.19 ± 0.01	$$
4 (LPS)	0.33 ± 0.01	***	0.32 ± 0.02	$$$
5 (Flagellin)	0.23 ± 0.01	–	0.30 ± 0.02	$$
6/2 (FSL1)	0.21 ± 0.01	–	0.21 ± 0.01	–
7 (Imiquimod)	0.25 ± 0.01	–	0.26 ± 0.02	–
8 (ssRNA40)	0.23 ± 0.01	–	0.28 ± 0.02	–
9 (ODN2006)	0.25 ± 0.01		0.21 ± 0.01	–

Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical differences between stimulated and unstimulated groups were determined using Bonferroni post hoc test. ***p < 0.001, Healthy control unstimulated vs. TLR agonist stimulated; $ p < 0.05, IBS unstimulated vs. TLR agonist stimulated; $$ p < 0.01, IBS unstimulated vs. stimulated; $$$ p < 0.001 IBS unstimulated vs. TLR agonist stimulated; – p > 0.05.