Table 1.
Selected Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Parameters for the Cohort
| Characteristic | HIV Negative | HIV Positive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | No ART | On ART | ||
| n = 15 | n = 46 | n = 17 | n = 29 | |
| Age, year (range) | 43.2 (22.6–51.7) | 44.8 (22.1–55.6) | 44.5 (33.7–55.6) | 45.6 (22.1–55.6) |
| Female sex, no. (%) | 7 (46.7) | 13 (28.2) | 6 (35) | 7 (24) |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | ||||
| White | 9 (60) | 19 (41.3) | 5 (29.4) | 14 (48.3) |
| Black | 3 (20) | 20 (43.5) | 12 (70.6) | 8 (27.6) |
| Hispanic | 2 (13.3) | 7 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (24.1) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 (6.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Duration of HIV infection, year | NA | 11.9 (1.0–23.1) | 11.3 (1.0–23.1) | 12.5 (2.7–20.6) |
| CD4, cells/mL (range) | 932 (297–1710) | 480 (73–1192) | 419 (73–929) | 532 (293–1192) |
| HIV viral load, copies/mLa(range) | NA | <50 (<50–165 352) | 5315 (61–165 352) | <50 (<50–507) |
| Chronic hepatitis C, clinical diagnosis (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (11) | 2 (12) | 3 (10) |
| Lipoatrophy, clinical diagnosisb (%) | 0 (0) | 10 (22) | 0 (0) | 10 (34) |
| Peripheral neuropathy, current, clinical diagnosisc (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (17) | 0 (0) | 8 (28) |
Values represent median (range) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
HIV viral load measured by branched DNA, version 3 (Chiron); lower limit of detection of 50 copies/mL.
The presence and severity of lipoatrophy was determined using the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) severity scale [34]. The degree of lipoatrophy in the face, arms, legs, and buttocks was rated as absent, mild (noticeable on close inspection), moderate (noticeable by patient and physician), or severe (noticeable to a casual observer). Subjects with at least 1 moderate or severe lipoatrophic area were considered to have lipoatrophy.
The presence of peripheral neuropathy was determined by patient report of symptoms consistent with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (tingling, pins-and-needles sensation, stabbing pain in the distal extremities) confirmed by objective evidence on neurologic examination (change in pinprick, vibration or temperature sensibility, deep tendon reflexes).