FIG. 5.

Effect of metformin analogs on the copper-specific fluorescent probe. Cells were serum-starved for 2 h before treatment for 3 h without (A) or with the biguanides metformin (left) and BIG (right) (B) or PDI (left) and MHA (right) (C). In each case, the cells were incubated in the presence of the copper-specific probe, before washout and visualization on the confocal microscope as discussed in research design and methods. Scale bars, 10 μm. (A high-quality digital representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)