Table 3.
Path Models Results for Predictors of Hispanic Fathers’ Use of Aggression
| Predictors of Aggression, Measured at W3 or Earlier | Physical Aggressiona | Psychological Aggressiona | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Phys Aggression at W3 | Model 2: Phys Aggression at W4 | Model 3: Psych Aggression at W3 | Model 4: Psych Aggression at W4 | |||||
| B(SE) | β | B(SE) | β | B(SE) | B | B(SE) | β | |
| Acculturation Indicators | ||||||||
| Nativity (foreign-born) | −0.29(0.11) | −0.11** | −0.59(0.21) | −0.25** | −0.62(0.19) | −0.21**** | −0.68(0.29) | −0.24* |
| Religious attendance | 0.03(0.04) | 0.03 | 0.06(0.09) | 0.06 | −0.01(0.05) | −0.01 | −0.05(0.05) | −0.05 |
| Traditional gender norms | 0.18(0.12) | 0.09 | 0.23(0.14) | 0.13 | 0.15(0.14) | 0.07 | 0.31(0.15) | 0.14* |
| Psychosocial Factors | ||||||||
| Parenting stress | 0.05(0.07) | 0.03 | 0.01(0.10) | 0.01 | 0.05(0.08) | 0.03 | 0.07(0.09) | 0.04 |
| Involvement with child | 0.10(0.07) | 0.09 | 0.01(0.08) | 0.01 | 0.00(0.08) | 0.00 | −0.04(0.08) | −0.03 |
| Major depression | 0.06(0.08) | 0.05 | 0.03(0.15) | 0.02 | 0.07(0.09) | 0.05 | 0.31(0.20) | 0.23 |
| Heavy alcohol use | 0.16(0.11) | 0.14 | 0.33(0.15) | 0.31* | 0.20(0.11) | 0.15 | 0.19(0.20) | 0.15 |
| Father-to-mother IPAV | 0.10(0.12) | 0.08 | 0.11(0.08) | 0.09 | 0.24(0.06) | 0.17*** | 0.21(0.12) | 0.16 |
| Child Characteristics | ||||||||
| Child gender (boy) | 0.06(0.11) | 0.03 | 0.23(0.16) | 0.10 | 0.24(0.13) | 0.08 | 0.41(0.15) | 0.15** |
| Child aggressive behavior | 0.99(0.10) | 0.27*** | 0.15(0.22) | 0.04 | 1.16(0.19) | 0.27*** | 0.57(0.29) | 0.14 |
| Child anxious/depressed | −0.43(0.31) | −0.12 | −0.07(0.26) | −0.02 | 0.01(0.25) | 0.00 | 0.40(0.15) | 0.10** |
| Child withdrawn | 0.32(0.18) | 0.09 | 0.23(0.30) | 0.06 | 0.02(0.33) | 0.01 | −0.14(0.38) | −0.03 |
| Sociodemographic Factors | ||||||||
| Age at child’s birth | −0.03(0.02) | −0.18* | 0.01(0.01) | 0.03 | −0.02(0.02) | −0.10 | −0.02(0.01) | −0.08 |
| Relationship status | 0.00(0.09) | 0.00 | −0.01(0.12) | −0.01 | 0.03(0.07) | 0.02 | −0.09(0.12) | −0.07 |
| Education level | 0.05(0.06) | 0.05 | −0.10(0.08) | −0.10 | −0.00(0.07) | −0.00 | −0.15(0.08) | −0.12 |
| Household incomeb | 0.04(0.03) | 0.07 | 0.02(0.03) | 0.03 | 0.12(0.02) | 0.17*** | 0.04(0.04) | 0.06 |
Note. CTSPC = Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale; phys = physical; psych = psychological; IPAV = interpersonal violence and aggression; W3 = Wave 3, child 3 years of age; W4 = Wave 4, child 5 years of age. Model fit indexes were the same for all models: χ2 (10) = 11.72, p = .30, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .02.
a
All Wave 3 and Wave 4 aggression variables were natural log transformed for analyses.
b
Household income was square-root transformed for analyses.
*
p ≤ .05,
**
p ≤ .01,
***
p ≤ .001