Table 1.

TSK item descriptive Statistics (N=1,136)

#a	Item	Mean (SD)	Median	Range
1	I am afraid that I may injure myself if I exercise	1.91 (.78)	2.00	1 – 4
2	If I were to try to overcome it, my pain would increase	2.05(.74)	2.00	1 – 4
3	My body is telling me that I have something dangerously wrong	2.21(.91)	2.00	1 – 4
4	My pain would probably be relieved if I were to exercise b	2.37(.81)	2.00	1 – 4
5	People are taking my medical condition seriously enough	2.73(.89)	3.00	1 – 4
6	My accident has put my body at risk for the rest of my life c	1.72(.84)	2.00	1 – 4
7	Pain always means I have injured my body	1.92(.64)	2.00	1 – 4
8	Just because something aggravated my pain does not mean it’s dangerous b	2.75(.65)	3.00	1 – 4
9	I am afraid that I might injure myself accidently	2.12(.80)	2.00	1 – 4
10	Simply being careful that I do not make unnecessary movements is the safest thing I can do to prevent pain from worsening	2.53 (.88)	3.00	1 – 4
11	I wouldn’t have this much pain if there wasn’t something potentially dangerous going on in my body	1.93(.69)	2.00	1 – 4
12	Although my condition is painful, I would be better off if I were physically active b	2.59(.91)	3.00	1 – 4
13	Pain lets me know when to stop exercising so that I don’t injure myself	2.83(.68)	3.00	1 – 4
14	It’s really not safe for a person with a condition like mine to be physically active	1.91(.73)	3.00	1 – 4
15	I can’t do all the things normal people do because it’s too easy to get injured	2.03(.79)	2.00	1 – 4
16	Even though something is causing a lot of pain, I don’t think it’s actually dangerous b	2.64(.69)	3.00	1 – 4
17	No one should have to exercise when he/she is in pain	2.42(.69)	2.00	1 – 4

^aThe original TSK item numbers are retained for consistency and to allow for ease of comparison with other studies.

^bItems 4,8,12, and 16 are reversed scored.

^cFor item 6, n=110 participants did not answer the item and indicated that the question did not apply to them.