Table 1.
Socio-economic, clinical, sexual behavior and complacency score characteristics of the 277 HIV-positive participants at ART initiation and 12 months after ART initiation
| ART initiation N (%) |
12 months after ART initiation N (%) |
Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-economic | |||
| Living with spouse or partner | 141 (51) | 147 (53) | χ2 = 1.29 |
| Currently employed | 197 (71) | 223 (80) | χ2 = 11.7*** |
| Stigma (overall scale) | 53.6 (10) | 54.8 (7) | t = 1.92 |
| Monthly income [U.S. Dollars, mean (SD)] | 54 (78) | 54 (74) | t = 0.79 |
| Clinical assessment | |||
| Substance abuse (include alcohol) | 101 (36) | 58 (21) | χ2 = 19.1*** |
| CD4 count [n = 220, mean (SD)] | 130 (5) | 307 (11) | t = 15.6*** |
| Sexual behaviora | |||
| Sexually active | 133 (48) | 177 (64) | χ2 = 21.0*** |
| Men (n = 121) | 64 (53) | 86 (71) | χ2 = 11.0*** |
| Women (n = 156) | 69 (44) | 91 (58) | χ2 = 10.0** |
| Disclosed to sexual partner | 76 (58) | 128 (73) | χ2 = 13.36*** |
| Total number of partners | 157 | 210 | |
| Sexually active at time 1 and time 2 | – | 109 (39%) | |
| Mean (SD) number of partners | 1.20 (0.05) | 1.15 (0.05) | t = 0.39 |
| Reported a concurrent relationship | 17 (13) | 26 (15) | χ2 = 1.98 |
| Total number of concurrent partners | 37 | 55 | |
| Mean (SD) number of concurrent partners | 2.17 (0.52) | 2.11 (0.32) | t = 0.68 |
| Sexual partner HIV status is negative or unknown | 60 (45) | 142 (80) | χ2 = 22.2*** |
| Unprotected sex: Partner HIV−/HIV? serostatus | 45 (34) | 45 (25) | t = 1.71 |
| Correct and consistent condom score [mean (SD)] | 0.36 (0.41) | 0.77 (0.33) | t = 8.21*** |
| Complacency scalesb [Mdn (IQR) range] | |||
| HIV/AIDS less of a threat since ART | – | 24 (21,27) 16–35 | |
| Social/cultural factors that encourages unsafe sex | – | 20 (18,20) 13–20 | |
| Less need for safer sex since ART | – | 13 (13,14) 9–18 |
χ2, McNemar Chi2 (1 degree of freedom) for categorical data; t two-sided paired t test for continuous data; T1 number at ART Initiation, T2 number 12 months after ART Initiation, SD standard déviation
**
P << 0.01;
***
P < 0.001
a
Denominator for sexual behavior is reported for sexually active participants at each assessment point
b
Complacency Scales were added after the baseline assessment and were available for 201 respondents