Figure 6.
Toll-like receptor signaling and NASH development. High fat diet feeding and obesity conditions affect the composition of intestinal microflora and bacterial overgrowth. In NASH, translocated LPS and CpG-DNA stimulates TLR4 and TLR9 on Kupffer cells to produce IL-1β, which induces hepatocyte steatosis and death, and ultimately activates HSC, resulting in fibrosis.