Table 1. Cardiovascular dysfunction criteria (modified from Goldstein et al.⁷).

Despite administration of isotonic intravenous fluid bolus > 40 mL/kg in 1 hr:
Decrease in blood pressure (hypotension) < 5th percentile for age or systolic BP < 2 SD below normal for age	Need for vasoactive drug to maintain blood pressure in normal range (dopamine >5 mcg/kg/min or dobutamine, adrenaline, or noradrenaline at any dose)	Two of the following: unexplained metabolic acidosis: base deficit > 5.0 mEq/L Increased arterial lactate > 2 times upper limit of normal Oliguria: urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr Prolonged capillary refill: > 5 secs Core to peripheral temperature gap >3°C