Table 1.
Overview of experiments, consulted references, classification of results, and supplementary information
| References consulted for experiment | Experiment name | Duration | Management (a) | Percent change | Relative to conventional (C) or to start (S) | SOC difference significant: yes (Y), no (N), unknown (U) | Amount of manure in ‘org’ proportional to yields (P), external inputs (E), unknown (U) | Sampling depth (cm) | Same rotation yes (Y), no (N), unkown (U) | Data from repeated samplings yes (Y), no (N) | Applied amount of organic fertilizer in organic systems higher (H), lower (L), similar (S), unknown (U) | SOC measured as concentration (C) or mass (M) | Additional info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results from plot experiments | |||||||||||||
| Clark et al. (1998) | SAFS | 8 | org | 0.63 | C | N | E | 30 | Y | N | H | C | |
| Drinkwater et al. (1998), Liebhardt et al. (1989), Wander et al. (1994), Pimentel et al. (2005) | Rodale | 14 | con | 0.44 | S | U | 15 | N | Y | M | Con ‘referred’ to as ‘integrated’ in paper | ||
| Rodale | 14 | org | 1.87 | S | Y | U | 15 | N | Y | H | M | Bio with animals | |
| Rodale | 14 | org | 1.18 | S | Y | P | 15 | N | Y | S | M | Bio without animals | |
| Rodale | 21 | org | 1.19 | C | Y | U | 30 | N | N | H | M | Bio with animals | |
| Rodale | 21 | org | 0.95 | C | Y | P | 30 | N | N | S | M | Bio without animals | |
| Eltun et al. (2002), Breland and Eltun (1999) | Kapp | 7 | con | −2.86 | S | U | 25 | N | Y | C | Arable | ||
| Kapp | 7 | org | −1.48 | S | U | U | 25 | N | Y | H | C | Arable | |
| Kapp | 7 | con | −1.59 | S | U | 25 | N | Y | C | Forage | |||
| Kapp | 7 | org | −2.47 | S | U | U | 25 | N | Y | H | C | Forage | |
| Fließbach et al. (2007) | DOK | 21 | con | 0.78 | S | N | 20 | Y | Y | C | DOK: ‘conventional’ refers to integrated farming practice with manure in all cases | ||
| DOK | 21 | org | 0.80 | S | N | P | 20 | Y | Y | S | C | All DOK data taken from Fließbach et al. refer to lower fertilization level | |
| DOK | 21 | dyn | 0.70 | S | N | P | 20 | Y | Y | S | C | ||
| Friedel (2000) | Ensmad | 21 | org | 0.53 | C | N | U | 25 | Y | N | H | C | |
| Kirchmann et al. (2007) | Bärröd | 19 | con | −1.20 | S | U | 30 | N | Y | C | |||
| Bärröd | 19 | org | −0.41 | S | N | E | 30 | N | Y | S | C | ||
| Kong et al. (2005, 2007), Denison et al. (2004) | LTRAS | 10 | con | −0.06 | S | N | 15 | N | Y | M | |||
| LTRAS | 10 | org | 3.26 | S | Y | E | 15 | N | Y | H | M | ||
| Kramer et al. (2006), Reganold et al. (2001), Glover et al. (2000) | Washington state | 9 | org | 5.83 | C | U | E | 7.5 | Y | N | H | C | |
| Leifeld et al. (2009) | DOK | 27 | con | −0.48 | S | Y | 20 | Y | Y | M | DOK: ‘conventional’ refers to integrated farming practice with manure in all cases | ||
| DOK | 27 | org | −0.43 | S | Y | P | 20 | Y | Y | S | M | All DOK data taken from Leifeld et al. refer to higher fertilization level | |
| DOK | 27 | dyn | −0.28 | S | N | P | 20 | Y | Y | S | M | ||
| Melero et al. (2006) | Andalusia | 5 | con | 1.41 | S | U | 15 | Y | Y | C | |||
| Andalusia | 5 | org | 33.85 | S | Y | E | 15 | Y | Y | H | C | ||
| Andalusia | 6 | con | 4.06 | S | U | 15 | Y | Y | C | ||||
| Andalusia | 6 | org | 30.13 | S | Y | E | 15 | Y | Y | H | C | ||
| Reeve et al. (2005) | McNab | 6 | org | −0.69 | C | N | E | 15 | Y | N | C | ||
| McNab | 6 | dyn | −0.69 | C | N | E | 15 | Y | N | C | |||
| Robertson et al. (2000) | Michigan | 10 | con | 0.00 | S | N | 7.5 | N | Y | M | |||
| Michigan | 10 | org | 0.85 | S | N | P | 7.5 | N | Y | S | M | ||
| Scheller and Raupp (2005), Raupp (2001) | Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | con | −1.38 | S | Y | 25 | Y | Y | C | Low | ||
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | org | −1.16 | S | Y | P | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | Low; composted FYM without biodynamic prep. classified as ‘org’ | |
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | dyn | −0.53 | S | Y | P | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | Low | |
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | con | −1.38 | S | Y | 25 | Y | Y | C | Medium | |||
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | org | −0.63 | S | Y | P | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | Medium; composted FYM without biodynamic prep. classified as ‘org’ | |
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | dyn | −0.32 | S | Y | P | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | Medium | |
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | con | −1.32 | S | Y | 25 | Y | Y | C | High | |||
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | org | −0.74 | S | Y | E | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | High; composted FYM without biodynamic prep. classified as ‘org’ | |
| Darmstadt 1998 | 18 | dyn | 0.11 | S | Y | E | 25 | Y | Y | H | C | High | |
| Wells et al. (2000) | New South Wales | 3 | con | −0.28 | S | N | 10 | N | Y | C | |||
| New South Wales | 3 | dyn | 18.49 | S | Y | E | 10 | N | Y | H | C | ||
| References consulted for experiment | Experiment name | Duration | Management (a) | Percent change | Relative to conventional (C) or to start (S) | SOC difference significant: yes (Y), no (N), unknown (U) | Amount of manure in ‘org’ proportional to yields (P), external inputs (E), unknown (U) | Sampling depth (cm) | Same rotation yes (Y), no (N), unkown (U) | Data from repeated samplings yes (Y), no (N) | Applied amount of organic fertilizer in organic systems higher (H), lower (L), similar (S), unknown (U) | SOC measured as concentration (C) or mass (M) | Additional info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results from farm-scale experiments | |||||||||||||
| Blakemore (2000) | Haughtey | 41 | org | 1.88 | C | Y | P | 25 | Y | N | S | M | Change relative to con mixed |
| Haughtey | 41 | org | 2.02 | C | Y | P | 25 | N | N | H | M | Change relative to con stockless | |
| Gerhardt (1997) | lowa | 40 | org | 5.14 | C | Y | U | 10 | N | N | H | C | |
| lowa | 40 | org | −0.30 | C | N | U | 40 | N | N | H | M | ||
| Liebig and Doran (1999) | Nebraska, North Dakota | 9 | org | 0.46 | C | N | U | 30.5 | N | N | H | M | |
| Nebraska, North Dakota | 29 | org | 1.25 | C | Y | P | 30.5 | N | N | S | M | ||
| Nebraska, North Dakota | 10 | org | 2.64 | C | Y | U | 30.5 | N | N | U | M | ||
| Nebraska, North Dakota | 19 | org | 1.87 | C | Y | U | 30.5 | N | N | H | M | ||
| Nebraska, North Dakota | 19 | org | 0.69 | C | N | U | 30.5 | N | N | H | M | ||
| Marinari et al. (2006) | Colle Valle Agrinatura | 7 | org | −0.61 | C | N | U | 35 | N | N | H | C | |
| Nguyen et al. (1995) | Canterbury | 8 | dyn | 0.00 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | H | C | Kowai crop phase |
| Canterbury | 8 | dyn | 1.52 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | H | C | Kowai pasture phase | |
| Canterbury | 8 | org | −0.39 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | H | C | Temuka crop phase | |
| Canterbury | 8 | org | 0.39 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | H | C | Temika pasture phase | |
| Canterbury | 8 | org | 0.46 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | S | C | Templeton crop phase | |
| Canterbury | 8 | org | 0.43 | C | U | U | 7.5 | N | N | S | C | Templeton pasture phase | |
| Pulleman et al. (2003), Droogers and Bouma (1996) | Polder | 70 | dyn | 0.80 | C | Y | E | 20 | Y | N | H | C | Arable |
| Polder | 70 | dyn | 0.03 | C | Y | E | 50 | U | N | H | M | Arable | |
| Polder | 70 | dyn | 0.67 | C | N | E | 50 | U | N | H | M | Ley | |
| Reganold et al. (1993) | New Zealand North Island | 12 | dyn | 3.38 | C | Y | U | 10 | Y | N | H | C | |
| New Zealand North Island | 15 | dyn | 1.63 | C | Y | E | 10 | Y | N | H | C | ||
| New Zealand North Island | 8 | dyn | 2.02 | C | Y | E | 10 | Y | N | H | C | ||
| New Zealand North Island | 10 | dyn | −2.05 | C | N | E | 10 | Y | N | H | C | ||
| New Zealand North Island | 13 | dyn | 2.16 | C | Y | E | 10 | Y | N | U | C | ||
| New Zealand North Island | 24 | dyn | −0.42 | C | N | E | 10 | Y | N | H | C | ||
| New Zealand North Island | 25 | dyn | 0.79 | C | Y | U | 10 | Y | N | S | C | ||
| Stamatiadis et al. (1996) | Aegion | 4 | org | 2.46 | C | N | E | 15 | Y | N | H | M | |
Results from plot experiments