Table 1.
Encapsulation efficiency and particle size of emodin liposomes based on various formulation compositions and manufacturing processes
| No | Formulation (molar ratio) | Process | EE (%) | Particle size (nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (95/0/5) | Ultrasound | 78.2 ± 2.0 | 37.5 ± 22.1 |
| 2 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (75/20/5) | Ultrasound | 82.7 ± 1.1 | 40.4 ± 23.0 |
| 3 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (55/40/5) | Ultrasound | 85.8 ± 1.3 | 49.4 ± 25.6 |
| 4 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (40/55/5) | Ultrasound | 84.4 ± 1.4 | 61.0 ± 41.8 |
| 5 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (50/40/10) | Ultrasound | 84.5 ± 2.1 | 44.6 ± 23.4 |
| 6 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (46/30/23) | Ultrasound | 84.6 ± 1.8 | 33.1 ± 21.5 |
| 7 | EPC/Chol/mPEG2000–DSPE (55/40/5) | Ultrasound | 86.8 ± 2.3 | 48.2 ± 24.5 |
| 8 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (55/40/5) | Extrusion (50 nm) | 92.8 ± 0.7 | 48.5 ± 24.3 |
| 9 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (55/40/5) | Extrusion (100 nm) | 95.6 ± 1.0 | 91.8 ± 42.4 |
| 10 | EPC/Chol/TPGS (55/40/5) | Extrusion (200 nm) | 96.5 ± 0.9 | 125.8 ± 55.1 |
| 11 | EPC/Chol/TPGS/Tf–PEG3350–DSPE (55/40/4.5/0.5) | Extrusion (50 nm) | 93.5 ± 0.9 | 49.0 ± 25.1 |
| 12 | EPC/Chol/TPGS/Tf–PEG3350–DSPE (55/40/4.5/0.5) | Extrusion (100 nm) | 95.4 ± 0.9 | 94.6 ± 41.8 |
| 13 | EPC/Chol/TPGS/Tf–PEG3350–DSPE (55/40/4.5/0.5) | Extrusion (200 nm) | 96.2 ± 0.6 | 120.1 ± 55.6 |
Notes: Numbers 1–10 refer to nontargeted emodin liposomes. 11–13 refer to transferrin-targeted emodin liposomes.
Abbreviations: EE, encapsulation efficiency; EPC, egg phosphatidylcholine; Chol, cholesterol; TPGS, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; nm, nanometer; mPEG2000–DSPE, methoxypolyethyleneglycol 2000-derivatized distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine; Tf–PEG3350–DSPE, transferrin polyethyleneglycol 3350-derivatized distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine.