Table 1.
Correlates of HIV-1 RNA in breast milk.
| HIV-1 RNA+ | HIV-1 RNA− | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 29 | n = 46 | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (years, median) | 23 | 23 | 1.0 | |
| HIV-related signs* | 4% (1/25) | 9% (4/43) | 0.4 (0.04, 3.9) | .6 |
| HIV-related symptoms† | 41% (12/29) | 33% (15/45) | 1.4 (0.5, 3.7) | .6 |
| CD4 cell count/mm3 (median) | 337 | 439 | .3 | |
| CD4 cell count <400/mm3 | 56% (13/23) | 37% (15/41) | 2.3 (0.8, 6.4) | .2 |
| % CD4 cells (median) | 22% | 24% | .4 | |
| CD8 cell count/mm3 (median) | 680 | 820 | .8 | |
| % CD8 cells (median) | 51% | 45% | .4 | |
| CD4:CD8 ratio (median) | 0.4 | 0.5 | .4 | |
| Breast milk cell HIV-1 DNA detected | 69% (20/29) | 57% (25/44) | 1.7 (0.6, 4.5) | .3 |
| Breast milk cell DNA viral load (infected cells/104) (median) |
313 | 100 | .1 | |
| Vitamin A (μ/dL) (median) | 29.5 | 27.5 | 1.0 |
NOTE. OR, ratio; CI, confidence interval; +, positive; − negative.
*
Rash, zoster, thrush, or oral ulcers.
†
Fever; cough >1 month, >10% weight loss, or history of rash or shingles.