Table 2. Frequencies of hepatitis C virus seropositivity and/or active hepatitis B virus-HIV coinfection in HIV-infected patients and multivariate odds ratio of association to sociodemographic variables, Spain, 2004–2008*.

Variable	HCV seropositivity			HBsAg seropositivity
	No. (%) patients	Adjusted OR (95% CI)		No. (%) patients	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex
M	3,012 (21.18)	NA		2,952 (6.47)	1.00
F	855 (24.09)			872 (3.67)	0.44 (0.28–0.68)
Age, y
<31	1,168 (9.76)	1.00		1,119 (5.36)	NA
31–40	1,532 (24.22)	2.60 (1.84–3.67)		1,515 (5.54)
>40	1,166 (30.79)	3.85 (2.72–5.46)		1,189 (6.64)
Transmission category
Heterosexual	1400 (13)	1.00		1,467 (5.11)	1.00
Injection drug use	639 (89.51)	50.67 (36.85–69.68)		618 (7.77)	1.71 (1.11–2.63)
Men who have sex with men	1,670 (3.53)	0.33 (0.24–0.45)		1,584 (5.81)	1.33 (0.89–1.98)
Other/unknown	158 (19.62)	1.50 (0.97–2.33)		155 (5.16)	0.97 (0.45–2.09)
Level of studies
No studies	272 (32.72)	1.00		262 (8.78)	1.00
Primary school	1,286 (31.18)	0.80 (0.52–1.24)		1,244 (6.75)	0.82 (0.5–1.36)
Secondary school	1,108 (13.09)	0.51 (0.32–0.82)		1,054 (4.27)	0.48 (0.27–0.84)
University	591 (5.75)	0.42 (0.24–0.76)		560 (5.54)	0.61 (0.33–1.12)
Unknown	610 (28.69)	1.05 (0.66–1.67)		704 (5.68)	0.64 (0.37–1.11)
Geographic origin
Spain	2,650 (26.53)	1.00		2,628 (4.91)	1.00
Western Europe	121 (22.31)	1.01 (0.51–2.03)		116 (11.21)	2.38 (1.29–4.39)
Eastern Europe	85 (45.88)	3.76 (2.06–6.83)		83 (8.43)	2.15 (0.96–4.84)
Sub-Saharan Africa	268 (10.07)	0.60 (0.38–0.96)		280 (11.07)	3.63 (2.22–5.92)
North Africa	55 (16.36)	0.51 (0.2–1.34)		55 (10.91)	2.96 (1.21–7.23)
Latin America	648 (4.94)	0.45 (0.29–0.69)		622 (5.63)	1.30 (0.87–1.93)
Other/unknown	40 (17.5)	0.81 (0.26–2.5)		40 (5.00)	0.98 (0.23–4.15)

*Variables included in the multivariate analyses: gender, transmission category, age at entry into cohort, and educational level. HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not associated in the model.