Table 3.
Fit equation errors for each musculotendon actuator. Values are presented in mm (% maximum value).
| LMT | SPE Moment Arm | SEA Moment Arm | SROT Moment Arm | EFE Moment Arm | PS Moment Arm | WDV Moment Arm | WFE Moment Arm | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actuator | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) | RMS Fit Error (mm, %) | Maximum Error (mm, %) |
| DELT1 | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.49 (0.21) | 0.25 (0.44) | 2.49 (6.15) | 0.10 (0.24) | 6.80 (11.96) | 0.09 (0.97) | 1.87 (19.40) | ||||||||
| DELT2 | 0.33 (0.16) | 1.94 (0.90) | 0.50 (1.29) | 1.08 (4.18) | 0.20 (0.76) | 2.59 (6.68) | 2.47 (3.04) | 11.20 (13.8) | ||||||||
| DELT3 | 0.17 (0.13) | 6.17 (3.94) | 0.35 (0.51) | 4.07 (7.58) | 0.30 (0.55) | 2.80 (4.05) | 0.17 (1.49) | 1.16 (10.27) | ||||||||
| PECM1 | 0.15 (0.12) | 1.05 (0.80) | 0.14 (0.37) | 1.33 (3.54) | 0.15 (0.45) | 1.53 (4.59) | 0.11 (0.63) | 1.19 (6.66) | ||||||||
| PECM2 | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.91 (0.48) | 0.15 (0.39) | 1.26 (3.26) | 0.20 (0.38) | 1.81 (3.41) | 0.16 (0.93) | 1.57 (9.31) | ||||||||
| PECM3 | 0.16 (0.08) | 1.70 (0.85) | 0.13 (0.35) | 1.12 (2.97) | 0.40 (0.64) | 3.97 (6.33) | 0.27 (1.36) | 1.59 (7.99) | ||||||||
| SUPSP | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.40) | 0.15 (0.52) | 2.11 (8.28) | 0.17 (0.65) | 1.70 (6.06) | 0.16 (0.71) | 2.65 (11.69) | ||||||||
| INFSP | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.23 (0.18) | 0.16 (0.85) | 2.30 (12.42) | 0.12 (0.67) | 5.72 (29.7) | 0.14 (0.57) | 4.24 (16.9) | ||||||||
| TMIN | 0.58 (0.42) | 6.58 (4.86) | 0.38 (1.70) | 2.62 (16.4) | 0.37 (2.32) | 5.54 (24.9) | 0.24 (1.13) | 2.36 (10.9) | ||||||||
| SUBSC | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.40) | 0.09 (0.58) | 0.44 (2.83) | 0.05 (0.34) | 1.14 (7.56) | 0.10 (0.50) | 0.64 (3.17) | ||||||||
| LAT1 | 0.14 (0.06) | 0.88 (0.35) | 0.14 (0.43) | 1.59 (5.05) | 0.19 (0.51) | 1.84 (4.96) | 0.19 (1.59) | 1.52 (12.80) | ||||||||
| LAT2 | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.87 (0.31) | 0.14 (0.47) | 1.20 (4.03) | 0.24 (0.45) | 1.40 (2.67) | 0.18 (1.66) | 1.39 (12.50) | ||||||||
| LAT3 | 0.14 (0.04) | 1.67 (0.52) | 0.14 (0.64) | 0.83 (3.70) | 0.32 (0.57) | 2.52 (4.51) | 0.21 (1.64) | 1.32 (10.55) | ||||||||
| TMAJ | 0.14 (0.11) | 1.00 (0.83) | 0.09 (0.24) | 0.94 (2.42) | 0.18 (0.40) | 1.26 (2.57) | 0.16 (1.48) | 1.39 (12.80) | ||||||||
| BIClong | 1.01 (0.25) | 7.30 (1.89) | 0.39 (1.41) | 1.49 (6.47) | 0.18 (0.77) | 2.72 (9.73) | 0.32 (1.36) | 2.60 (10.96) | 0.27 (0.55) | 1.72 (3.48) | 0.18 (1.14) | 0.96 (6.04) | ||||
| BICshort | 0.43 (0.13) | 4.52 (1.47) | 0.23 (0.75) | 1.29 (4.28) | 0.34 (0.80) | 1.83 (3.87) | 0.29 (3.73) | 1.22 (15.90) | 0.27 (0.55) | 1.72 (3.48) | 0.18 (1.14) | 0.96 (6.04) | ||||
| CORB | 0.30 (0.19) | 1.89 (1.28) | 0.20 (0.64) | 1.17 (3.83) | 0.22 (0.42) | 1.26 (2.42) | 0.07 (2.45) | 0.69 (25.83) | ||||||||
| BRA | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.25 (1.05) | 0.78 (3.30) | ||||||||||||
| TRIlong | 0.62 (0.20) | 2.83 (1.05) | 0.07 (0.23) | 1.06 (3.29) | 0.12 (0.34) | 0.76 (2.11) | 0.11 (1.11) | 0.58 (5.97) | 0.17 (0.70) | 0.41 (1.68) | ||||||
| TRImed | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.69) | 0.51 (2.10) | ||||||||||||
| TRIlat | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.69) | 0.51 (2.10) | ||||||||||||
| ANC | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.56) | 0.22 (1.76) | ||||||||||||
| BRD | 0.18 (0.06) | 0.87 (0.26) | 1.07 (1.26) | 3.83 (4.52) | 0.13 (0.77) | 0.60 (3.51) | ||||||||||
| PT | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.05 (0.31) | 0.10 (0.65) | 0.11 (1.09) | 0.34 (3.48) | ||||||||||
| PQ | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.10) | 0.04 (0.54) | ||||||||||||
| SUP | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.12) | ||||||||||||
| ECRL | 0.97 (0.30) | 3.27 (1.00) | 0.46 (1.50) | 1.36 (4.39) | 0.11 (1.98) | 0.43 (7.77) | 0.19 (0.51) | 0.84 (2.31) | 0.54 (1.73) | 1.33 (4.29) | ||||||
| ECRB | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.67 (0.22) | 0.02 (0.26) | 0.04 (0.76) | 0.00 (0.16) | 0.01 (0.53) | 0.45 (2.38) | 2.91 (15.31) | 0.70 (2.02) | 5.31 (15.25) | ||||||
| ECU | 5.30 (1.76) | 26.10 (8.18) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.10) | 2.79 (9.47) | 22.20 (75.47) | 7.21 (20.45) | 30.53 (86.63) | ||||||
| FCR | 0.41 (0.14) | 2.90 (1.05) | 0.29 (2.17) | 0.84 (6.27) | 0.35 (0.64) | 0.12 (2.27) | 0.39 (2.39) | 1.53 (9.47) | 0.48 (1.47) | 1.35 (4.13) | ||||||
| FCU | 0.56 (0.19) | 2.11 (0.75) | 0.81 (5.81) | 3.22 (23.12) | 0.08 (2.47) | 0.33 (10.02) | 0.34 (1.40) | 2.34 (9.65) | 0.42 (1.09) | 2.92 (7.62) | ||||||
| PL | 0.85 (0.27) | 3.08 (1.01) | 0.42 (2.62) | 1.68 (10.44) | 0.05 (0.75) | 0.22 (3.38) | 0.78 (3.84) | 2.17 (10.75) | 2.45 (5.10) | 6.72 (13.98) | ||||||
Italicized values represent fit equations that did not meet the desired accuracy criterion (SPE = shoulder plane of elevation, SEA = shoulder elevation angle, SRT = shoulder rotation, EFE = elbow flexion-extension, PS = forearm pronation-supination, WFE = wrist flexion-extension, WDV = wrist ulnar-radial deviation).