Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at baseline
| Variable | Online Hemodiafiltration (n=358) | Low-Flux Hemodialysis (n=356) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 64.1±14.0 | 64.0±13.4 |
| Female sex | 144 (40) | 125 (35) |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 304 (85) | 296 (83) |
| Afro-Caribbean | 29 (8) | 29 (8) |
| Asian | 23 (6) | 22 (6) |
| other | 2 (1) | 9 (3) |
| Region | ||
| Netherlands | 300 (84) | 297 (83) |
| Canada | 51 (14) | 51 (14) |
| Norway | 7 (2) | 8 (2) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 151 (42) | 162 (46) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 92 (26) | 78 (22) |
| Dialysis vintage (yr) | 2.8±2.9 | 3.0±2.8 |
| median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.0–3.7) | 2.1 (1.0–4.0) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)a | 147±21 | 148±22 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)a | 75±12 | 76±12 |
| Vascular access | ||
| arteriovenous fistula | 279 (78) | 288 (81) |
| graft | 57 (16) | 43 (12) |
| central catheter | 22 (6) | 25 (7) |
| Treatments/wk | ||
| 3 | 332 (93) | 338 (95) |
| 2 | 26 (7) | 18 (5) |
| Duration of a dialysis session (min) | 226±26 | 227±22 |
| Blood flow (ml/min) | 302±39 | 299±41 |
| Dialysis single-pool Kt/Vurea | 1.41±0.24 | 1.38±0.19 |
| Residual kidney functionb | 186 (52) | 190 (53) |
| Estimated GFR | ||
| ml/min per 1.73m2c | 2.1±3.4 | 2.0±3.3 |
| median (IQR) | 0.32 (0–3.30) | 0.30 (0–3.35) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.9±1.3 | 11.8±1.2 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 5.12±1.58 | 5.05±1.46 |
| β-2-microglobulin (mg/L) | 30.7±14.3 | 32.3±13.6 |
| SGA classification | ||
| well nourished | 290 (81) | 297 (83) |
| mild to moderate malnutrition | 68 (19) | 58 (16) |
| severe malnutrition | 0 (0) | 1 (0) |
| BMI after dialysis (kg/m2) | 25.2±5.0 | 25.6±4.6 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.2±3.8 | 40.6±3.9 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 10.9 (20.2) | 10.2 (26.3) |
| median (IQR) | 4.1 (1.4–10.7) | 3.9 (1.3–10.2) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl), predialysis | 9.52±2.94 | 9.94±2.83 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 142±35 | 142±41 |
| Prescribed medication | ||
| β blocker | 184 (51) | 193 (55) |
| RAS inhibitor | 179 (50) | 170 (48) |
| platelet aggregation inhibitor | 111 (34) | 127 (36) |
| 1-OH and 1,25-OH vitamin D | 227 (63) | 254 (72) |
| statin | 198 (55) | 164 (46) |
| erythropoiesis stimulating agents | 314 (88) | 319 (90) |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. SGA, subjective global assessment; RAS, renin-angiotensin system.
a
Before hemodialysis.
b
Residual kidney function if diuresis >100 ml/24 h.
c
Mean of urea and creatinine clearance in 24-hour urine collection; mean plasma creatinine and urea concentrations during the collection period were estimated using the geometric mean of postdialysis and predialysis plasma samples.