Figure 9.

Assessments of plasma and urinary HO-1 concentrations in patients revealed increases with AKI, but not in critically ill patients without AKI, or in patients with either CKD or ESRD. HO-1 was detected in both plasma and urine samples from normal participants (n=5). Neither CKD (n=15) nor ESRD (n=5) were associated with increased HO-1 levels, compared with these normal values. Conversely, both plasma and urinary HO-1 levels were markedly elevated in the ICU/AKI+ cohort. Critically ill patients without AKI (ICU/AKI−) retained normal urine and plasma HO-1 levels.