Table 2.

Epigenetic T-cell regulation and asthma- and allergy-related outcomes

Th pathway responses
Authors	Gene(s)	Epigenetic finding(s)
Koh et al. [58]	Th2	Chromatin remodeling of the Th2 cytokine locus critical to systemic and airway inflammation
Grausenburger et al. [59]	Th2	HDAC1 important to early Th2 cell differentiation and development of allergic airway inflammation
Sonkoly et al. [60]	CTLA-4	miR-155 upregulated in atopic dermatitis and its overexpression associated with decreased CTLA-4
Lim et al. [61]	Eotaxin	Inhibition of HDAC increased IL-13–induced and CBP-mediated eotaxin expression
Kumar et al. [70]	IL-13	Transfection of T cells with let-7 reduced IL-13 levels; intranasal administration of let-7 reduced airway allergic inflammation in mice
Polikepahad et al. [71•]	Th2	Inhibition of let-7 miRNAs reduced allergic inflammation in mouse lung
Kim et al. [62••]	STAT6	Inhibition of DNMT increased STAT6 expression
Tanaka et al. [63••]	IL4, IL13	Targeted deletion of HS sites in the IL-4–IL-13 locus inhibited GATA-3 activation
Mucasa et al. [65]	IL17	Th17 cell lineage is not stable and mediated epigenetically through chromatin remodeling
Treg pathway responses
Authors	Gene(s)	Epigenetic finding(s)
Lal and Bromberg [67•]	FoxP3	Differential FoxP3 methylation in thymus derived nTreg versus peripheral TGF-β–induced Treg
Th and Treg pathway responses
Authors	Gene(s)	Epigenetic finding(s)
Janson et al. [57]	Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg	Epigenetic immune lineage analysis profiled CD4+ cells in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis
Kim et al. [68]	Th2, Treg	Memory antigen-specific Th2 cells can redifferentiate into functional Tregs

CBP, cAMP-responsive element binding protein; CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen; DNMT, DNA methyltransferases; FoxP3, forkhead box P3; GATA-3, trans-acting T-cell–specific transcription factor 3; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HS, DNase I-hypersensitive site; IL, interleukin; miRNA, microRNA; nTreg, natural Treg; STAT6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; Th, T helper; Treg, regulatory T cell