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(A) Seasonally averaged JJAS rainfall climatology (millimeters) based on the GPCP dataset for the 30-y period from 1979 to 2008. (B and C) GPCP summer rainfall regressed on standardized PC1 and PC2 of ISMR, respectively (i.e., standardized time series of the expansion coefficients of the two leading EOFs of ISMR shown in Fig. 2 A and B).
